抗除草剂油菜生态风险的研究进展

Research progress on the ecological risk of herbicide-resistance canola

抗除草剂油菜的商业化应用是油菜除草技术的革命性突破,然而油菜与部分近缘种杂草的高亲合性为抗除草剂基因飘逸提供了途径,因此油菜抗除草剂基因商业化伴随的潜在生态风险一直被关注。本文基于当前商业化抗除草剂油菜类型及其抗性机制,从两个方面分析油菜抗除草剂基因飘逸的可能性:一是影响油菜与近缘种杂交从而导致抗性基因的转移的遗传和非遗传因素;二是从远缘杂交后代的适合度上分析抗性基因在近缘种中持续存在的可能性。进一步从亚基因组水平比较了油菜不同亚基因组上抗性基因飘逸的风险差异,总结了抗性杂草的综合防控技术,并结合我国油菜生产实际提出了今后抗除草剂油菜安全商业化应用的建议以及在抗除草剂油菜生态风险领域亟待研究的问题。

The commercialization of herbicide resistant oilseed rape is a revolutionary breakthrough in rape weeding technology.However,the high affinity between rapeseed and its relative weeds offers an effective way for the herbicide resistant genes(HRGs)to immigrate into weedy relatives’genomes,which made the potential ecologi-cal risks associated with the commercialization of HRGs in rapeseed into continuous concerning.In this paper,the types of current commercial herbicide resistant rapeseed and their resistance mechanisms were listed,and the possi-ble mechanisms of HRG flow from rapeseed were summarized from two aspects:first,the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the transfer of HRGs between rapeseed and its relatives were analyzed;the second is to analyze the possibility of the persistence of resistance genes in relatives’genome by the fitness comparison.Further,the risk differences between HRGs locating on different sub-genomes in rapeseed were compared,and the comprehensive control technology of resistant weeds was summarized.Combined with the cultivation situation of rapeseed in China,the suggestions for the safe commercial application of herbicide resistant rapeseed in the future and the urgent prob-lems in the field of ecological risk of herbicide resistant rapeseed were put forward.