考古视角所见东周秦汉简牍流变

Archaeological Study of the Bamboo Slips in the Tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to Han Dynasty

东周秦汉时期墓葬出土简牍材料较多,此前研究多集中于简牍内容,较少从考古视角出发进行的讨论。本文通过对墓葬出土简牍材料的分段梳理发现,归属于不同文化因素的墓葬简牍在文本内容、放置位置、组合关系及相关墓葬的等级上均有差异,结合历史背景,可以认为这种差别与东周秦汉之间的文化变迁有密切关系。与此同时,墓葬出土简牍在空间分布上存在着与楚文化之间的密切联系,虽然不能直接将其视为楚文化影响的产物,但极有可能是由于楚地葬俗影响才使竹木文物得以保存。

A large number of bamboo slips were excavated from the tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to Han Dynasty. Previous studies mainly focused on the contents of bamboo slips, and few discussions were conducted from the perspective of archaeology. By analyzing the excavated bamboo slips from tombs, this paper finds that the bamboo slips belonging to different cultures are different in content and context. Combined with the historical background, it can be believed that such differences are closely related to the cultural changes between the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to Han dynasty. At the same time, the spatial distribution of bamboo slips in tombs is closely related to Chu culture. Although it can not be directly regarded as the influence of Chu culture, it is very likely that the bamboo and wood relics are preserved because of the influence of Chu burial customs.