中国结鱼营养成分分析与品质评价

Nutritional Composition Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Muscle in Tor sinensis

采用规范的生化方法首次测定了体长(21.67±1.53)cm、体质量(265.67±15.04)g的澜沧江水系特有的野生中国结鱼(Tor sinensis)幼鱼和体长(39.23±1.10)cm、体质量(2555.33±50.84)g的成鱼背包肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,评价其营养品质,为其人工养殖生产及饲料研制提供理论依据。结果表明:中国结鱼幼鱼肌肉中蛋白、脂肪、水分含量与成鱼无显著差异(P>0.05),但是,幼鱼肌肉中灰分含量显著高于成鱼(P<0.05)。共检测出17种氨基酸,幼鱼和成鱼的氨基酸总量分别为(70.50±0.63)%和(67.69±0.84)%;依据氨基酸评分和化学评分,中国结鱼第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸和胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。幼鱼肌肉的氨基酸评分和化学评分高于成鱼,中国结鱼幼鱼和成鱼的必需氨基酸指数分别为80.11和78.49。在中国结鱼幼鱼和成鱼的肌肉中检测出30种脂肪酸,幼鱼肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于成鱼阶段(P<0.05),幼鱼和成鱼肌肉中的饱和脂肪酸总量、多不饱和脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。中国结鱼富含蛋白质和丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸,是具有食用价值和开发前景的鱼类。

The contents of proximate nutrients,and compositions of amino acids and fatty acid were analyzed and the nutrient quality was evaluated in muscles of the endemic fish Tor sinensis juveniles with body length of(21.67±1.10)cm and body weight of(265.67±15.04)g and adults with body length of(39.23±1.10)cm and body weight of(2555.33±50.84)g in Lancang River water system in China for the first time by standardized biochemical methods to provide theoretical basis for artificial breeding production and feed development.The results showed that the in the muscle of fish,but there was significantly higher content of ash in the muscle in the juveniles than that in adult fish(P<0.05),without significantly differences in contents of protein,fat and moisture between juveniles and adults(P>0.05).A total of 17 amino acids were detected,with the total amino acids of(70.50±0.63)%in juvenile and(67.69±0.84)%in adult fish.According to the amino acid score,the first limiting amino acids of the Tor sinensis were methionine and cystine,and the second limiting amino acid was valine.The juveniles had higher amino acid score and chemical score in muscle than those in the adult fish,with essential amino acid indexes of 80.11 in the juveniles and 78.49 in the adult.Thirty types of fatty acids were detected in the muscle,significantly lower total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in juvenile fish than those in adult fish(P<0.05),without significant difference in the total amount of saturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids between juveniles and adult fish.Comprehensive analysis revealed that Tor sinensis contained so high protein,rich polyunsaturated fatty acids and tasted delicious amino acids that it is a fish species with edible value and development prospects.