中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性评价指标体系的构建与实证——以湖北省恩施州为例

Construction and Empirical Study of Livelihood Resilience Evaluation Index System for Rural Households in Tourist Areas of Mountanous Regions in China——A Case Study of Enshi Prefecture Hubei Province

山区旅游地兼具旅游资源丰富、生态环境脆弱、贫困人口集聚等多重特性,对中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性的科学评价有助于守护脱贫攻坚成果.本研究在农户生计韧性理论认知的基础上,结合区域特征构建了中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性评价指标体系,采用均值法对恩施州18个旅游村进行实证分析.研究结果表明:①以Speranza为代表的生计韧性评价指标体系较好地表达了农户应对冲击、实现更好结果的特性,但存在评价对象不明晰、指标选取不够严谨、评价体系构建不完整及本土适应性不够等问题;②结合中国山区旅游地特性对Speranza的评价指标进行了在地优化,通过Ω系数检验发现优化后的评价指标体系具有合理性;③恩施州旅游地农户的生计韧性总体处于低水平.从3大维度来看,除缓冲能力处于中等水平之外,学习能力和自组织能力均处于低水平,自组织能力水平最低.从地域分布来看,农户的生计韧性水平在不同地区或者同一地区的不同村落间都存在较大差异,其中宣恩县的农户生计韧性水平整体最低.

Mountainous tourist areas are characterized by abundant tourism resources,fragile ecological environment and the gathering of poor population.Scientific evaluation of farmers livelihood resilience in China s mountainous tourist areas is helpful to safeguard the achievements of poverty alleviation.Based on the theoretical cognition of farmers livelihood resilience,this study constructed an evaluation index system of farmers livelihood resilience in mountainous tourist destinations in China combined with regional characteristics,and conducted an empirical analysis of 18 tourism villages in Enshi Prefecture by means method.The results show that:①The livelihood resilience evaluation index system represented by Speranza can better express the characteristics of farmers coping with shocks and achieving better results,but there are some problems,such as unclear evaluation objects,not rigorous index selection,and insufficient local adaptability of the evaluation system.②In combination with the characteristics of mountain tourist destinations in China,the evaluation index of Speranza was optimized in situ.TheΩcoefficient test showed that the optimized evaluation index system was reasonable.③In the views of three dimensions,except buffering capacity at middle level,learning capacity and self-organization capacity were both at low levels,with self-organization capacity at the lowest level.In terms of geographical distribution,the livelihood resilience level of farmers varied greatly among different regions and villages in the same region.Among them,Xuan en County had the worst overall performance in livelihood resilience.