精神分裂症患者共情及影响因素研究

Study on Empathy and Influencing Factors of Patients with Schizophrenia

目的调查精神分裂症患者的共情现状及影响因素。方法纳入2019年5-12月招募的976例符合心理疾病诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的处于病情稳定期的精神分裂症患者,通过现场调查的方式收集患者的人口学特征、采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、人际反应指数量表(IRI)(4个维度:观点采择、想象力、共情关心、个人痛苦)评估精神分裂症症状及共情,运用Pearson相关分析讨论精神分裂症患者症状与共情的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析影响精神分裂症患者共情的相关因素。结果精神分裂症患者共情总分评分为(85.08±14.87)分,阳性和阴性症状评定量表评分为(77.19±16.58)分。Pearson相关分析表明,精神分裂症患者阴性症状、一般精神病理性症状与共情总分呈负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.001;r=-0.08,P=0.015)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、受教育时间、有无自杀意念、阴性症状评分是精神分裂症患者共情的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者存在共情缺陷,未来应重点关注年龄大、受教育时间短、阴性症状评分较高的患者,防止共情随着时间的推移而恶化。

Objective To investigate the empathy of schizophrenia patients and its influencing factors.Methods 976 stable schizophrenia patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were recruited from May 2019 to December 2019.The demographic characteristics of the patients were collected by on-the-spot investigation.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)and Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI)(four dimensions:perspective taking,fantasy,empathy concern,personal distress)were used to evaluate the symptoms and empathy.Pearson correlation analysis was used to discover the correlation between symptoms and empathy.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of empathy in patients with schizophrenia.Results The total score of empathy in patients with schizophrenia was(85.08±14.87),and the score of positive and negative symptoms was(77.19±16.58).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the negative symptoms and general symptoms were negatively correlated with the empathy(r=-0.18,P<0.001;r=-0.08,P=0.015).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,time of education,suicidal ideation and negative symptom were influencing factors of empathy in patients with schizophrenia(P<0.05).Conclusion Schizophrenia patients have empathy defects.We should focus on the patients with older age,lacking education and negative symptoms to prevent the deterioration of empathy with the passage of time in the future.