马克思恩格斯城市空间理论的人文关怀及当代价值研究

On the Humanistic Care and Contemporary Value of Marx and Engels’Theory of Urban Space

城市是历史唯物主义的重要维度,马克思恩格斯在人类历史文明演进中考察了城市空间形态的转化,城市朝着更加开放的文明方向发展。在这历史考察中彰显出了对于城市居民具体生活的人文关怀。资本主义社会之前,城市逐渐从自然的状态中脱离,随着城市发展出现了城乡分离的现象,人类的生活世界也出现了分工。在资本主义社会,城乡关系对立起来,资本化城市空间中人的社会生活也出现了危机,主要表现为身体的控制,精神世界的虚无化以及自然环境的恶化。马克思恩格斯认为只有废除私有制,在生产力进步的基础之上改变劳动与资本的关系,实现城市与乡村的融合发展,才能创造一个人自由而全面发展的城市空间。这些理论启发我们城市的规划建设要秉持人民至上的原则,坚持人民城市的道路,要以人民为立场,对城市生活状况进行实事求是调查研究,以问题为导向依靠人民群众的力量推动城市现代化建设。

In the context of Marx and Engels’ideology,cities are an important dimension of historical materialism.Marx and Engels examined the transformation of urban spatial forms in the evolution of human historical civilization and found that cities developed towards a more open civilization.In this historical examination,humanistic care for the specific lives of urban residents was highlighted.Before capitalist society,cities gradually separated from their natural state.With the development of cities,there was a phenomenon of urban-rural separation,and the world of human life also experienced division of labor.In capitalist society,the relationship between urban and rural areas has become antagonistic,and social life of people in capitalized urban spaces has also experienced crises,which is mainly manifested in the control of the body,the nihility of the spiritual world,and the deterioration of the natural environment.Marx and Engels believed that only by abolishing private ownership,changing the relationship between labor and capital based on the progress of productive forces,and achieving the integration of urban and rural development,can we create a free and comprehensive urban space for human development.These theories inspire us to adhere to the principle of putting the people first in urban planning and construction,adhere to the path of the people's city,take the stand of the people,conduct factual investigation and research on urban living conditions,and rely on the power of the people to promote urban modernization construction with problem orientation.