基于主成分分析不同种养模式下的土壤肥力评价

Evaluation of soil fertility under different planting and breeding models based on principal component analysis

为探究不同种养模式对稻田土壤肥力的贡献,筛选出适合推广的生态种养模式。在韶关市仁化县扶溪镇紫岭村水稻田开展了2年田间试验,设置水稻单作(CK)、油稻轮作(T1)、鸭稻共作(T2)和油稻鸭模式(T3)4个处理,分析水稻种植后不同处理土壤机械组成、容重、pH、有机质、有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的差异。结果发现,与CK相比,T3处理土壤容重、pH、碳氮比显著下降(降幅分别为24.63%、8.78%、23.98%),土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均显著提高(增幅依次为21.66%、21.66%、57.75%、24.64%、20.81%、26.43%);T2处理土壤容重、pH、碳氮比显著下降(降幅依次为19.34%、8.78%、16.01%),土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾均显著增加(增幅依次为15.19%、15.19%、36.31%、17.02%、18.81%);T1处理土壤容重显著下降(降幅11.95%),土壤pH、有机质、有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、碱解氮显著增加(增幅依次为3.03%、11.29%、11.29%、7.01%、4.76%、10.49%)。主成分分析结果显示土壤肥力综合排名:T3>T2>T1>CK。因此,T3处理更有利于改善稻田土壤各项理化指标,土壤培肥效果最好。

In order to explore the contribution of different planting and breeding models to soil fertility in paddy fields and select the ecological planting and breeding mode suitable for promotion,a two-year field experiment was carried out in the paddy field of Ziling village,Fuxi town,Renhua county,Shaoguan city.Four treatments were set up:rice monoculture(CK),rape-rice rotation(T1),duck-rice co-cropping(T2)and rape-rice-duck mode(T3).The differences of mechanical composition(MC),bulk density(BD),pH,organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N),alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)and other indicators of different treatments after rice planting were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with CK,the soil BD,pH and C/N of T3 treatment were decreased significantly by 26.34%,8.78% and 23.98%,and the SOM,SOC,TN,AN,AP and AK were increased significantly by 21.66%,21.66%,57.75%,24.64%,20.81% and 26.43%,respectively;The soil BD,pH and C/N of T2 treatment were decreased significantly by 19.34%,8.78% and 16.01%,and SOM,SOC,TN,AN and AK were increased significantly by 15.19%,15.19%,36.31%,17.02% and 18.81%,respectively;soil BD of T1treatment was decreased significantly by 11.95%,while soil pH,SOM,SOC,TN,C/N and AN were increased significantly by 3.03%,11.29%,11.29%,7.01%,4.76% and 10.49%,respectively.The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking of soil fertility was T3 > T2 > T1 > CK.So,T3 treatment is more conducive to improving various physical and chemical indicators of paddy soil,and the effect on soil fertility is the best.