运气平等主义视角下可遗传基因编辑技术的伦理审视

An Ethical Examination on the Heritable Gene Editing:A Perspective of Luck Egalitarianism

随着CRISPR-Cas9技术的兴起和发展,基于该技术的可遗传基因编辑变得更加安全有效。尽管如此,围绕可遗传基因编辑技术的伦理质疑并没有停止,这些质疑主要集中在侵犯个人自主权利、风险与收益不均衡以及损害社会公正等方面。从运气平等主义视角出发对可遗传基因编辑技术的伦理风险进行审视,可以发现可遗传基因编辑技术在某种程度上能够降低人们在自然禀赋方面不平等的影响,同时具有增进人类福祉、促进生命权利的尊重和坚持公平公正的可能潜力。通过在未来的技术开发与应用过程中合理管控风险并保持公开透明,可遗传基因编辑技术或许能够为后人类时代的发展提供一种“次优”方案。

The gene editing technology CRISPR-Cas9 allows for safer and more effective gene editing,making heritable gene editing based on this technology possible.Since its introduction,this technology has been challenged because of the infringement on autonomy,imbalance between risks and benefits,and impact on social justice.Examining the ethical risks of heritable gene editing technology from the perspective of luck egalitarianism reveals that gene editing technology can reduce the impact of inequalities in natural endowments,and it also has the potential to enhance human welfare,promote the respect for life,and uphold fairness and justice.In this sense,the gene editing technology actually provides a“second-best”solution for the development in the post-human era,provided that the risks can be reasonably controlled and the process of technological development and application for heritable gene editing are both open and transparent.