应对高密度城市采光问题的生成式城市设计方法研究——以KPFui伦敦理想街区为例

Research on Design Strategies of Daylight in High-density Cities Based on Generative Urban Design:Taking KPFui London Ideal Block as an Example

城市的高密度建设常带来采光不足的问题。对采光标准的研究和确定经历了无采光规范、几何测算、计算机评估和生成式设计四个时期。国际知名建筑事务所KPF的城市数据研究部门KPF城市界面(KPFui)针对密度与采光之间的平衡进行了一系列的实践。其中,伦敦理想街区案例分单街块、多街块和片区三个尺度来研究影响采光的多个因素,并通过控制这些因素寻求高密度与采光的最优平衡。该案例采用了生成式设计方法,具有六方面的突出优势,即维度全面、评估前置、结果灵活、流程高效、展示清晰、应用广泛。尽管其应用还有局限,但仍可以为我国应对高密度建设导致的采光问题带来启示。

The high-density development of the city often brings the problem of insufficient daylighting.The research and determination of daylighting standards has gone through four periods,including non-standard,geometric calculation,computer evaluation and generative design periods.KPF Urban Interface,the urban data research department of the internationally renowned architecture firm KPF,has carried out a series of practices,in which the factors affecting the daylighting problem in London Ideal Block are divided into three scales:single block,multiple blocks and district.By controlling these factors,the optimal balance between high density and daylighting can be found.A representative generative design method is adopted in this case,which has prominent advantages in six aspects:comprehensive dimensions,pre-evaluation,flexible results,efficient process,clear presentation,and extensibility.Although its application is limited,it could bring enlightenment to deal with the daylighting problems caused by high-density construction in China.