北京市中小学生饮食行为状况和户外运动相关性分析

Correlation between dietary behavior and outdoor sports among primary and secondary school students in Beijing

目的 探索北京市中小学生饮食行为状况和户外运动的相关性。方法 2021年秋季学期采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在全市范围内抽取监测点校80所,采用自填问卷的方式调查中小学校学生饮食行为和户外运动情况。结果 有效调查中小学生15 779人,过去一个月,平均每周有5 d及以上户外运动时间均达到60 min的学生户外运动达标率为25.5%。与小学三年级学生相比,小学四、五年级、初一和高一年级学生户外运动达标率更高。和城区学生相比,郊区学生户外运动达标率更高(OR=1.088,95%CI=1.007~1.176)。与体重正常及偏低学生相比,超重和肥胖学生的户外运动达标率更低。与从不在校吃饭的学生相比,在校吃3顿及以上频次的学生户外运动达标率更高(OR=1.420,95%CI=1.134~1.779)。与经常剩饭的学生相比,偶尔剩饭和从不剩饭学生的户外运动达标率更高。在合理范围内,每天多吃1个乒乓球大小谷类(OR=1.062,95%CI=1.032~1.093)、蔬菜(OR=1.064,95%CI=1.030~1.099)、水果(OR=1.148,95%CI=1.102~1.195)和多喝1瓶(约500 mL)水(OR=1.213,95%CI=1.163~1.265)户外运动达标率更高。购物看配料表(OR=1.307,95%CI=1.177~1.452)、自觉营养知识足够(OR=1.571,95%CI=1.381~1.786)的学生户外运动达标率更高。结论 饮食行为与户外运动达标有相关性,通过开展食育教育,切实提高学生、学校及家长正确选择食品的技能,提高健康素养,有助于科学推动学生户外运动达标。

Objective To explore the correlation between dietary behavior and outdoor sports among primary and secondary school students in Beijing.Methods In the fall semester of 2021,a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select schools in Beijing.A total of 80 schools were investigated by self-flled questionnaire included the diet and related behaviors among primary and secondary school students.Results A total of 15779 primary and secondary school students were enrolled.In the last month,the percentage of students who took an average of 5 days or more per week and had 60 minutes at least every time for outdoor sports was 25.5%.Compared with Grade 3"'students in primary schools,the percentages of students who met outdoor sports standards in Grade 4"and Grade 5"h in primary school,Grade I"in junior high school and Grade I"in senior high school were higher.Compared with urban students,outdoor sports compliance rates in suburban students were more active(OR=1.088,95%CI=1.007-1.176).Compared with students with normal and low weight,the percentages of students who met outdoor sports standards in students who were overweight and obese was lower.Compared with students never eating at school,the outdoor sports rate in students who ate three or more meals at school was higher(OR=1.420,95%CI=1.134-1.779).Compared with students getting leftovers,the outdoor sports compliance rate in students who occasionally and never got leftovers was higher.Within a reasonable range,the students who ate one more table tennis ball sized grains(OR=1.062,95%CI=1.032-1.093),vegetables(OR=1.064,95%CI=1.030-1.099),fruits(OR=1.148,95%CI=1.102-1.195)and drank an additional bottle of approximately 500 mL water(OR=1.213,95%CI=1.163-1.265)per day had higher outdoor sports compliance rate.Students who concerned ingredient list by shopping(OR=1.307,95%CI=1.177-1.452),and consciously felt getting sufficient nutrition knowledge(OR=1.571,95%CI=1.381-1.786)had higher rate of meeting outdoor sports standards.Conclusions Healthy diet is related to meeting outdoor sports standards.Carrying out food education is effectively to improve food selection sklls,health lieracy and outdoor sports among primary and secondary school students.