青海省牦牛乳与犏牛乳矿物质含量的研究

Study on the Mineral Content of Yak Milk and Cattle-Yak Milk in Qinghai Province

[目的]研究放牧条件下,牦牛乳和犏牛乳中矿物质含量的差异性和相关性。[方法]2019年7—8月在青海省贵南县选择胎次、体重、年龄、泌乳性能相接近、无补饲的健康牦牛和犏牛各13头,并采集乳样,共获得78份样品,通过火焰原子吸收仪测定乳中矿物质含量。[结果](1)在牦牛乳和犏牛乳的4种常量矿物(K、Ca、Na、Mg)中,除Na含量无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其他3种矿物质均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中K含量表现为犏牛乳显著高于牦牛乳,Ca、Mg表现为牦牛乳显著高于犏牛乳;5种微量矿物(Fe、Cu、Zn、Co、Mn)含量均存在明显差异。Cu、Co含量表现为犏牛乳显著高于牦牛乳,而Fe、Zn、Mn表现为牦牛乳显著高于犏牛乳。(2)乳中多数矿物质之间表现出相关性。[结论]以上结果表明,牦牛乳有5种矿物质含量高于犏牛乳,而犏牛乳中3种矿物质含量高于牦牛乳,表明牦牛乳在矿物质含量方面要优于犏牛乳。

[Objective]To study the difference and correlation of mineral content between yak milk and Cattle-Yak milk under grazing conditions.[Method]From July to August 2019,in Guinan County of Qinghai Province,selected parity,weight,age,lactation performance,no supplementary feeding healthy yak and Cattle-Yak 13 each,and collected milk samples,a total of 78 samples were obtained,and determined the mineral content of milk through the flame atomic absorption meter.[Results](1)In four kinds of constant mineral(K,Ca,Na,Mg)of yak milk and Cattle-Yak milk,except Na(P>0.05),the other three minerals are significantly different(P<0.05),including K content in Cattle-Yak milk is significantly higher than that of yak milk,but Ca and Mg of yak milk is significantly higher than that of Cattle-Yak milk;5 kinds of trace minerals(Fe,Cu,Zn,Co,Mn)content are obvious differences.Cu and Co of Cattle-Yak milk is significantly higher than yak milk,while Fe,Zn and Mn of yak milk are significantly higher than Cattle-Yak milk.(2)Most of the minerals in the milk show a correlation.[Conclusion]The above results show that yak milk has 5 kinds of mineral content higher than Cattle-Yak milk,and Cattle-Yak milk has 3 kinds of minerals is higher than yak milk,indicating that yak milk is better than Cattle-Yak milk in terms of mineral.