畜禽疾病防控的机体“三道”健康管理策略

The Strategy of Body“Three Tracts”Health Management in Livestock and Poultry in terms of Disease Prevention and Control

现代养殖是基于现代装备工艺等生产要素构建的现代生产系统。疾病防控的核心是畜禽机体“消化道、呼吸道、生殖道”的“三道”系统健康管理。作为畜禽机体最大免疫器官的肠道健康管理,其重点是关注肠道营养免疫、霉菌毒素损害和肠道菌群平衡三方面;作为畜禽“防御门户”的呼吸道健康管理,必须在养殖大环境、小环境的安全风险管理和强化呼吸道粘膜免疫系统功能两方面获得突破;而生产中被称之为畜禽病毒菌感染“潜伏和传播之库”的生殖道健康管理,重心是基于精细化的保护性举措,须在消除病毒病菌“混感平台”的负效应和特定病毒的优化免疫上下功夫。实施全方位、全链条、多视角的畜禽“三道”健康精准管理,既是现实养殖生产管理的倒逼机制,更是现代养殖高质量健康发展的前提条件。

Modern animal husbandry is built on modern production systems based on modern equipments and technologies.The core of disease prevention and control lies in the healthy management of the three systems of the digestive,respiratory,and reproductive tracts of livestock and poultry.The focus of intestinal health management,which is the largest immune organ of the livestock and poultry body,is on intestinal nutrition and immunity,mycotoxin damage,and intestinal microbiota balance.Respiratory health management,as the first line of defense for livestock and poultry,must make breakthroughs in the safe and risk management of the breeding macro-environment,micro-environment,and strengthening the respiratory mucosal immune system.As for reproductive health management,known as the reservoir for the latent and transmission of livestock and poultry viruses and bacteria,the focus is on eliminating the negative effects of the virus and bacteria mixed platform and optimizing immunity to specific viruses based on refined protective measures.Implementing comprehensive,full-chain,and multi-perspective precise management of the“three tracts”of livestock and poultry health is not only the driving force of practical breeding production but also the fundamental requirement for the high-quality and healthy development of modern animal husbandry.