汞矿区鹅蛋重金属污染来源解析及风险评价

Heavy Metal Pollution Sources and Risk Evaluation of Goose Eggs in Mercury Mining Area

汞矿区周边环境受汞污染的同时往往伴随着明显的其他重金属污染。为了解汞矿区鹅蛋中重金属污染现状,以贵州务川汞矿区为污染区,贵州安顺为背景区,购买当地鹅蛋各10个。利用ICP-MS分别测定鹅蛋蛋清、蛋黄中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba和Pb的含量,单因子污染指数法和人体健康风险评价模型评价鹅蛋重金属生态环境风险,主成分分析(PCA)解析鹅蛋重金属的来源。结果表明:汞矿区鹅蛋蛋清中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba和Pb含量分别为:0.50、0.15、4.20、36.61、11.29、0.22、19.60和0.040μg/g,蛋黄中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba和Pb含量分别为:0.42、0.07、3.04、53.60、5.36、0.37、72.92和0.27μg/g;安顺背景区鹅蛋蛋清Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba和Pb含量分别为:0.27、0.04、3.93、0.38、1.31、0.11、0.09和0.008μg/g,鹅蛋蛋黄中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba和Pb含量分别为:0.20、0.06、1.65、39.67、2.77、0.28、3.98和0.04μg/g。汞矿区鹅蛋蛋清中Ni、Zn、Ba、Sr和Pb含量,蛋黄中Zn、Ba、Sr和Pb含量显著高于背景区(P<0.05),表明矿区鹅蛋受到明显重金属污染。鹅蛋重金属对儿童的潜在健康风险将高于成人,且蛋黄的重金属健康风险大于蛋清;因子分析表明,Hg、Zn、Ba和Pb主要来源为农作物,Ni、Cu和Sr主要来源于受污染的水体。当地居民长期食用受污染的鹅蛋可能存在健康风险,应加强对重金属危害的认知,降低当地鹅蛋食用量。

Except mercury(Hg)pollution,Hg mining areas were often characterized with other heavy metal pollutions.To better understand heavy metal pollution level in goose eggs from the Hg mining area,10 local goose eggs were purchased from Wuchuan in Guizhou(the Hg mining area)and Anshun in Guizhou(the background area).The concentrations of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Mo,Ba and Pb in the egg whites and yolks were determined,followed by the evaluation of ecological and environmental risks of goose egg heavy metals,and the sources of heavy metals in goose eggs were finally analyzed.The results showed that:for Wuchuan eggs,the concentrations of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Mo,Ba and Pb were 0.50,0.15,4.20,36.61,11.29,0.22,19.60 and 0.040μg/g,respectively in egg whites;The concentrations of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Mo,Ba and Pb in egg yolks were 0.42,0.07,3.04,53.60,5.36,0.37,72.92 and 0.27μg/g.In Anshun eggs,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Mo,Ba and Pb concentrations of egg whites were 0.27,0.04,3.93,0.38,1.31,0.11,0.09 and 0.008μg/g,and were 0.20,0.06,1.65,39.67,2.77,0.28,3.98 and 0.04μg/g,respectively in egg yolks.Unlike Anshun area,the concentrations of Ni,Zn,Ba,Sr and Pb in the egg whites and Zn,Ba,Sr and Pb in the yolks from Wuchuan were significantly higher(P<0.05),indicating that goose eggs from the mining area were significantly contaminated with heavy metals.Moreover,the potential health risk of heavy metals from goose eggs was higher for children than for adults,and egg yolks were higher than from egg whites.Factor analysis illustrated that Hg,Zn,Ba,and Pb were mainly from crops;Ni,Cu and Sr were mainly from contaminated water bodies and aquatic plants.Local residents could be at health risks from long-term consumption of contaminated goose eggs.It was highly suggested that local residentsincrease their awareness of heavy metal pollutions and reduce their consumption of local goose eggs.