回流农民工家庭成员居住区位的离合和城镇化

Separation,convergence,and urbanization of the residential location of returning migrant workers’family members

居住地选择是农民工回流后必然面对的现实问题,开展回流农民工家庭成员居住区位的研究对县域城镇化发展具有重要意义。论文基于2022年河南省唐河县604份调查问卷数据,采用描述统计和二元Logistic回归方法,探讨农民工回流过程中其家庭成员在居住区位上的分离、聚合特征及其影响因素。研究发现:①将近6成的回流农民工其家庭成员仍然处于分离状态,这些家庭部分延续了在流动过程中的跨地区生计,部分则在县域范围内产生了新的跨地区生计类型,呈现出“分而不离”的特征;②在实现聚合的回流农民工家庭中,半数家庭居住在户籍地县域城镇,实现了家庭成员的城镇化,而居住在农村的处于“半工半耕”的家庭则蕴含着县域城镇化发展的潜力;③回流农民工的年龄越小、家庭人数越少、月均收入水平越高、距县城中心越近,越有可能实现家庭聚合;受教育程度越高、家庭人数越少、劳动力人数越多、已购房或建房、月收入水平越高、在外流动时间越久、回流时间越长,居住区位距县城中心越远者,其家庭越有可能在城镇聚合。研究结果可为地方政府制定引导农民工回流与推进就地就近城镇化的政策提供科学依据。

The choice of residential location is an issue that migrant workers must face in the process of return migration,and its examination is of great significance for the development of urbanization of county areas.Based on the data from a questionnaire survey of 604 returning migrant workers in Tanghe County,Henan Province in 2022,this study used descriptive statistics and binary Logistic regression methods to explore the separation and convergence of the residential location of returning migrant workers'family members and their influencing factors in the process of return migration.The findings are as follows:1)The family members of nearly 60%of returning migrant workers are still separated,either within the home county or in different counties.On the one hand,those family members separated within the home county frequently move between the urban and rural residential locations of the family,demonstrating a family residential pattern where members of the family are separated in residence but still united as a family unit.Such a residential pattern of family members not only promotes urban and rural integration,but also is a prelude of eventual convergence of urban and rural residential locations of the family.On the other hand,the prospects of family residential locations for those returning migrant families separated between two or more counties(with one being the home county)may be more diversified;they may eventually converge either in the place of origin(their home county)or in the place of destination(a place outside their home county).2)Among those returning migrant workers'families whose residential locations have converged in one place,half of them live in towns within the home county,realizing the goal of urbanization of their family members and providing stable human capital for further development of urbanization.However,the other half of the families who live in rural areas still adopt the livelihood strategy of part-time farming and part-time working in non-agricultural sectors,which implies that their urbanization process is incomplete and therefore they have great potential to promote the urbanization process of their home counties.3)Modeling results suggest that the younger the returning migrant workers are,the smaller the number of family members,the higher the monthly family income,and the closer the residential location is to the center of the county,the greater the possibility for the convergence of residential locations of migrant workers'family members.The modeling results further show that the higher the education level of returning migrant workers,the smaller the number of their family members,the larger the size of the family labor force,the higher the monthly household income,the longer the duration of migration and the time since return migration,and the farther the residential location to the center of the county seat,the greater the likelihood for the residential location of returning migrant workers'families to converge in urban areas,and possessing owner-occupied housing promotes the convergence of their residential locations in urban areas.The research results can provide a scientific reference for local governments to formulate policies to guide migrant workers to return and promote in situ urbanization of their home areas.