诸氏鲻虾虎鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育研究

Studies on embryonic and early larvae development of Mugilogobius chulae

诸氏鲻虾虎鱼(Mugilogobius chulae)是我国目前唯一一种已制定质量控制国家标准的海水实验鱼。为探究诸氏鲻虾虎鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼的发育特性,丰富其生物学研究,采用光学显微镜观察诸氏鲻虾虎鱼自繁胚胎、早期仔鱼的发育过程,同时拍照记录其形态变化特征。结果显示,诸氏鲻虾虎鱼产黏性卵,卵呈圆球状,卵径(0.26±0.03)mm,其受精卵吸水膨胀后呈长梭状,长径(0.81±0.05)mm,短径(0.39±0.01)mm。在水温(25.46±0.10)℃条件下,诸氏鲻虾虎鱼胚胎历时73 h 20 min孵出,总积温为1833.33℃·h。胚胎发育历经8个时期。初孵仔鱼全长(1.50±0.01)mm;孵出36 h后仔鱼可开口摄食轮虫;72 h后卵黄囊消失,仔鱼可在水中平游;120 h后仔鱼增长明显,内脏器官发育更加完善。研究结果表明,诸氏鲻虾虎鱼胚胎发育时间短,各发育时期特征明显,仔鱼开口摄食早,生长速度快。该研究可为诸氏鲻虾虎鱼后续研究应用提供基础资料。

Mugilogobius chulae is the only marine experimental fish that has been established national standards for quality control in China.In order to study the developmental characteristics of embryo and early larvae of M.chulae,and to enrich its biological research,the development process of self-reproducing embryo and early larvae of M.chulae was observed by optical microscopy,and its morphological changes were recorded by photographing.The results showed that the eggs were sticky and round with a diameter of(0.26±0.03)mm.The fertilized eggs were long fusiform with a long diameter of(0.81±0.05)mm and a short diameter of(0.39±0.01)mm.The embryos of M.chulae took 73 h 20 min to complete the incubation process and the total cumulative temperature was 1833.33℃h at(25.46±0.10)℃.Embryonic development proceeded through eight stages.The total length of the newly hatched larvae were(1.50±0.01)mm which could open their mouths to feed on rotifers after 36 hours.The yolk sacs disappeared and the larvae could swim flat in the water after 72 hours.At the age of 120 hours,the growth of larval fish was obvious,and the development of internal organs was more complete.The results showed that the embryonic development time of M.chulae was short,and the characteristics of each developmental stage were obvious.Larval fish opened their mouths to feed early and grew fast.This study can provide basic data for the following up research and application of M.chulae.