舰用倒车汽轮机技术特点及运行过程研究

概要介绍汽轮机的概念与分类,并由此引入其在水面舰船领域的应用。由于汽轮机的结构特点,以及喷嘴和工作叶片的相对位置,在完成安装后,汽轮机的转子只能实现单方向的转动。在水面舰船作机动航行时,汽轮机必须提高倒车功率以提高舰船的机动性,满足航行的需要,保证舰船的航行安全,从而引入倒车汽轮机的定义。重点介绍倒车汽轮机的结构特性、运作过程及工况特点,并将其与能实现反向旋转的柴油机进行对比。除传统的机械式结构外,汽轮机也可与电力推进系统实现搭配,从而提供倒车功率,该类方案则无须配备倒车汽轮机。

This paper briefly introduces the concept and classification of steam turbine,and introduces its application in the field of surface warship.Due to the structural characteristics of the steam turbine and the relative position of the nozzle and the working blade,the rotor of the steam turbine can only rotate in one direction after installation.During the mobile navigation of a surface ship,the steam turbine must provide reversing power to improve the maneuverability of the ship,meet the needs of navigation,and ensure the navigation safety of the ship,thus introducing the definition of reversing steam turbine.This paper focuses on the structural characteristics,operation process and working conditions of the reversing steam turbine,and compares it with the diesel engine which can realize reverse rotation.In addition to the traditional mechanical structure,the steam turbine can also be matched with the electric propulsion system to provide reversing power,which does not need to be equipped with a reversing steam turbine.