20世纪90年代以来国内周秦时期占梦文化研究述评

Research Review of Culture about Divination of Dreams in Chou and Qin Dynasty from 1990s

梦是一种特殊的精神现象,古人认为梦蕴含着对未来的判断。占梦的行为体现了诸多的社会功能,而占梦的梦例及梦书体现了当时的社会观念。20世纪八九十年代以来,伴随着西方梦学理论的传入,学界展开了对周秦时代占梦的研究,至今已取得丰硕成果。该文回顾了20世纪90年代以来国内对周秦时期占梦文化的研究成果,并得出以下几点结论:(1)在周秦时期传世文献的研究中,对《左传》《黄帝内经》《庄子》的梦例研究最为集中;(2)对周秦时期简牍文献的研究中,对于清华简《程寤》及岳麓秦简《占梦书》的研究较为集中;(3)研究主题上,以往的研究对周秦时代占梦的发展脉络、梦象解析有深入研究,为周秦占梦研究确立了从梦例与梦象入手的研究范式。相关研究集中于占梦的政治功能、梦诊功能及与之相关的鬼神、天命观念,对梦例体现的日常观念考察仍有不足。

Dream is a special phenomenon.Ancitent people thought dream contians the prediction.The action about the divination of dream reflects many social function.The stories and theoretical books about divination of dreams reflect many social concepts.As the introduction about the western dream theories came to China in 1980s and 1990s,the research started in academic circle,which has gained many achievements today.The study reviews the academic achievements about divination of dreams in Chou and Qin Dynasty in China from 1990s,summarizes several conclusions:firstly,according to the research based on ancient literature,most of findings are based on Zuo Zhuan,Inner Canon of Huangdi,Zhuang Zi;in the study of bamboo slips and documents from the Zhou and Qin dynasties,the research on the Qinghua bamboo slips Cheng Wu and the Yuelu Qin bamboo slips Zhan Meng Shu is relatively concentrated;according to the subjects,many achievements focus on the development of divination of dreams,the scene of dream,creat the method of researching the story and the scene of dream.Most findings focus on the political function about divination of dreams,and mandate,spirit in dream story.Only a few researches focus on daily concepts of divination of dreams.