贸易便利化与种业科技创新对粮食安全的影响——基于65个UPOV成员国数据的实证分析

The Impact of Trade Facilitation and Seed Industry Technological Innovation on Food Security——Empirical Analysis based on Data from 65 UPOV Member Countries

充分发挥贸易便利化在稳定全球供应链中的关键作用,激发种业科技创新活力,促进科技与农产品贸易深度对接,有利于提升国家粮食安全水平。基于2001—2021年65个UPOV成员国的面板数据,利用双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型,实证检验贸易便利化、种业科技创新对粮食安全的影响,同时立足收入水平、地理环境以及研发强度差异,探究贸易便利化以及贸易便利化与种业科技创新协同作用对粮食安全的异质性影响。研究发现,贸易便利化对粮食安全水平具有显著提升作用;贸易便利化能够通过种业科技创新的中介效应影响粮食安全,存在“贸易便利化—种业科技创新外部效应—粮食安全”“贸易便利化—种业科技创新竞争效应—粮食安全”的传导路径,且上述结论经过稳健性检验后仍然成立。贸易便利化以及贸易便利化与种业科技创新协同作用对粮食安全的影响因收入水平、地理环境以及研发强度不同而存在明显差异,具体表现为在中低收入国家、沿海国家以及低研发强度国家的促进效应更强。因此,应着力提升跨境贸易通关效率,提高贸易便利化水平;持续强化种业科技创新能力,营造优良技术研发环境;实施具有针对性的贸易便利化策略,助力粮食安全水平提升。

Giving full play to the key role of trade facilitation in stabilizing the global supply chain,stimulating the vitality of scientific and technological innovation in the seed industry,and strengthening the deep connection between science and technology and agricultural trade will help improve national food security.Based on panel data from 65 UPOV member countries from 2001 to 2021,the author empirically tests the impact of trade facilitation and seed industry technological innovation on food security using a two-way fixed effects model and a mediation effect model,and,at the same time,the author explores the heterogeneous impact of trade facilitation and the synergistic effect of trade facilitation and seed industry technological innovation on food security based on differences in income level,geographical environment,and research and development intensity.The results show that trade facilitation can significantly improve food security.Trade facilitation can affect food security through the mediating effect of seed industry technological innovation,and there are transmission paths of"trade facilitation-the external effects of seed industry technological innovation-food security"and"trade facilitation-the competitive effects of seed industry technological innovation-food security",and the above conclusions still hold after robustness verification.The impact of trade facilitation and the synergistic effect of trade facilitation and seed industry technological innovation on food security varies significantly depending on income levels,geographical environments,and research and development intensity.Specifically,the promotion effect is stronger in low-and middle-income countries,coastal countries,and countries with low research and development intensity.In order to effectively improve the level of food security,it is proposed to focus on improving the efficiency of cross-border trade clearance and enhance the level of trade facilitation,continue to strengthen the innovation ability of seed industry scientific and technology and create a good technology research and development and implement targeted trade facilitation strategies.