中国农业转移人口的土地资源对其城市创业的影响

Effects of hometown landholdings on rural migrants′entrepreneurship in urban China

随着农村土地制度改革的推进,农村土地资源及其收益在农业转移人口行为决策中的影响日趋突出,而创业是农业转移人口在城市中重要的就业形态,是事关生存的行为决策,是否受到土地资源及其收益的影响是一项需要重点研究的课题。利用2017年流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据进行实证分析后发现:土地资源对农业转移人口个体在城市的自雇型和雇主型创业产生复杂而又多样的影响,拥有耕地抑制了农业转移人口的雇主型创业,但拥有宅基地显著提高农业转移人口两种类型的城市创业,而拥有集体分红无实质性影响。较低的耕地收益、土地流转和村集体分红的增量促进了自雇型创业,较高的耕地收益、宅基地和村集体分红的增量激励了雇主型创业。机制检验发现,土地资源及其收益通过缓解在农村的经济困难和帮助建立应对城市歧视的自信而影响农业转移人口的城市创业。以上发现可为农村土地制度改革和农业转移人口的城市创业支持体系构建提供可供参考的理论与现实依据。

With the advancement of the rural land system reform,the influence of the hometown land tenures and their related benefits on the behavioral decision and decisionmaking in urban society of the rural migrant population is becoming increasingly common.As an essential choice for the rural migrant population to work in the city,entrepreneurship is a behavioral decision concerning survival.Whether rural migrants′entrepreneurship in urban China is affected by hometown land tenures and their related benefits is a topic that needs to be studied.However,the previous literature has not identified the causality between rural lands and their related benefits and their entrepreneurial behavior in urban society.To bridge these research gaps,this paper first develops an analytic framework to understand how hometown landholdings may affect rural migrants′entrepreneurship in the destination city.Further,based on a large national micro-level dataset extracted from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),we empirically test the relationship between hometown landholdings and rural migrants′entrepreneurship in urban China by using multiple logistic regression model,Propensity value matching method,and intermediate effect model.The findings show that:(1)The hometown land tenures and their benefits have become a pre-existing resource that cannot be ignored to a certain extent and have complex and diverse impacts on the entrepreneurial behavior of rural migrants in urban society.Owning rural farmlands inhibits the employerbased entrepreneurship of the rural migrant population,but owning a homestead significantly increases two types of urban entrepreneurship of the rural migrant population,while owning a collective dividend from the village has no substantial impact.The increment of lower cultivated land income,land circulation,and village collective dividend promoted selfemployment entrepreneurship,while the increment of higher cultivated land income,homestead,and village collective dividend stimulated employer-oriented entrepreneurship in urban society.(2)The mechanism test finds that land resources and their benefits affect the urban entrepreneurship of the rural migrant population by alleviating economic hardship in the countryside and helping to build confidence in coping with urban discrimination,thus prompting them to be self-employed or start their own business.The above findings explore a new channel to promote the rural migrant population to start a business in the city and also have a reference significance for protecting the land rights and interests of the rural migrant population and improving the quality of citizenization of the rural migrant population.