托育服务补助制度:理论逻辑与可行性分析

The System of Subsidies for Childcare Services:Theoretical Logic and Feasibility Analysis

儿童照顾服务具有公共产品属性和社会投资属性,儿童照顾的责任和成本应当由家庭和国家共同承担。在家庭照顾资源减少、托育服务供给有限、养育成本高企的背景下,国家应当建立托育服务补助制度,以降低家庭照顾儿童的成本,并增加有效需求以促进社会化托育服务发展。通过建立适合于全国和各地的估算模型,基于对未来0~2岁婴幼儿人口的预测和适度补助标准,估算2024—2035年托育服务补助制度的财政资金规模发现,这项制度的财务成本可以承受。为此,建议政府积极创造条件尽快实行这项制度,同时健全人口动态监测系统,采用多种补助形式,实行托育服务补助申请制,加强补助资金监管和引导。

Childcare services have the attributes of public goods and social investment,and the responsibility and cost of childcare should be shared by families and the government.Under the background of reduced family care resources,limited supply of childcare services and high parenting cost,the government should establish a system of subsidies for childcare services to decrease the cost of family care for children and increase effective demands to promote the development of social childcare services.By establishing an estimation model suitable for the whole country and all regions and on the basis of the prediction of the future population of infants and young children aged 0-2 years and a moderate subsidy standard,the result of estimating the scale of financial funds of the system of subsidies for childcare services in 2024-2035 shows that the financial cost of such a sys-tem is affordable.To this end,it is suggested that the government should actively create conditions to imple-ment this system as soon as possible,and meanwhile,should improve the dynamic monitoring system of popu-lation,adopt various forms of subsidy,implement the application system of subsidies for childcare services,and strengthen the supervision and guidance of subsidy funding.