DNA碱基编辑技术的研究进展及在猪基因修饰中的应用

Optimization of DNA Base Editing Technology and Its Application in Pig Genetic Modification

碱基编辑技术起源于CRISPR/Cas系统,是目前最新的基因定点修饰技术。根据碱基编辑器的功能特点,可将碱基编辑器分为胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(cytosine base editor,CBE)、腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(adenine base editor,ABE)、糖基化酶碱基编辑器(glycosylase base editor,GBE)、腺嘌呤碱基颠换编辑器(adenine transversion base editor,AYBE)、双碱基编辑器(dual base editor,DBE)和引导编辑器(prime editor,PE)。自碱基编辑系统诞生以来,已经广泛运用于动植物的研究中,并且已经证明了它在动植物遗传改良和疾病治疗中具有巨大应用价值。猪作为一种重要的农业经济动物和优良的动物疾病模型,对其进行遗传改良则变得十分重要。碱基编辑技术因其操作便利、高效、副产物少以及性价比高等特点,被迅速应用于动植物的遗传改良,并为人类的基因治疗提供技术支持。本文着重介绍了碱基编辑技术的开发、优化、应用特点、存在的问题以及对未来的展望,并总结了其在猪中的应用。以期为相关科研工作者了解碱基编辑技术提供参考。

Base editing technology originated from CRISPR/Cas system is the latest site-specific gene modification technology at present.According to the function characteristics of the base editor,the base editors can be divided into cytosine base editor(CBE),adenine base editor(ABE),glycosylase base editor(GBE),adenine translation base editor(AYBE),dual base editor(DBE)and prime editor(PE).Since the emerging of base editing technology,it has been widely used in the research of animals and plants.And it has been proven to have great application value in animals and plants for genetic improvement or disease treatment.As an important agricultural economic animal and excellent disease model,genetic improvement to pig has become very important.Base editing technology has been rapidly applied in genetic improvement of animals and plants due to its convenient operation,high efficiency,fewer by-products,and high cost-effectiveness,and even it have a high prospect of providing important support for human gene therapy.In this paper,we focus on the development,optimization,application characteristics,existing issues and future prospects of base editing technology,and briefly summarize its application in pigs.It is expected to provide reference for relevant scientific workers to understand the base editing technology.