外源硒肥对黄精生长及其根际土壤养分和酶活性的影响

Effect of exogenous selenium fertilizer on the growth of Polygonatum and its root soil nutrients and enzyme activity

硒是人类必需的微量营养元素,食用富硒农产品具有预防疾病、增强免疫力和抗衰老等功效。黄精对硒有较强的生物富集能力,通过硒肥生物强化黄精是安全有效获得富硒农产品的途径之一,因此,研究硒肥对黄精生长及其根际土壤养分和酶活性的影响具有重要意义。以多花黄精为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究3种不同种类肥料(普通蚯蚓肥、蚯蚓无机硒肥、蚯蚓有机硒肥)对黄精幼苗生物量、叶片生长、茎粗、株高、生根数、多糖、硒含量、硒形态、根际土壤养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明,土壤施用普通蚯蚓肥和蚯蚓无机硒肥较不施肥对黄精幼苗的生长无显著促进作用,施加蚯蚓有机硒肥能显著提升黄精生物量、叶片、株高、生根数和多糖等生长指标。施用外源硒肥显著增加了黄精硒含量,蚯蚓有机硒肥处理中黄精总硒和有机硒含量分别是无机硒肥处理的1.38和1.56倍,施用蚯蚓有机硒肥更利于黄精总硒和有机硒的积累。蚯蚓有机硒肥促进了黄精根际土壤中碱解氮和速效钾的释放,相关性分析表明,土壤碱解氮和速效钾的增加可能是蚯蚓有机硒肥促进黄精生长和品质提升的原因之一。黄精根际土壤酶活性对不同硒肥表现出不同的动态响应,外源硒肥显著提升了土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,有机硒肥与无机硒肥相比更有利于促进土壤微生物的生长繁殖,提高土壤酶活性。综上所述,蚯蚓有机硒肥是黄精幼苗阶段较为理想的促生肥和硒强化肥,蚯蚓有机硒肥替代普通蚯蚓肥和蚯蚓无机硒肥有望成为未来培育富硒农产品的主要途径。

Selenium was an essential micronutrient for human beings,and eating selenium-rich agricultural products had the effects of preventing diseases,enhancing immunity and anti-aging.Polygonatum had strong biological enrichment ability for selenium,and using selenium fertilizer to enhance Polygonatum was one of the safe and effective ways to obtain selenium rich agricultural products,so it had great significance to study the effects of selenium fertilizer on the growth of Polygonatum and its rhizosphere soil nutrients and enzyme activities.A pot experiment was conducted by Polygonatum to study the effects of three different types of fertilizers(ordinary earthworm fertilizer,earthworm with inorganic selenium fertilizer,earthworm with organic selenium fertilizer)on the biomass,leaf growth,stem diameter,plant height,root number,polysaccharides,selenium content,selenium form,rhizosphere soil nutrients,and enzyme activity of Polygonatum seedlings.The results showed that the application of ordinary earthworm fertilizer and earthworm with inorganic selenium fertilizer in the soil had no significant promoting effect on the growth of Polygonatum seedlings compared to no fertilization treatment.The application of earthworm organic selenium fertilizer significantly improved the growth indicators of Polygonatum,such as biomass,leaves,plant height,rooting number and polysaccharides.The application of exogenous selenium fertilizer significantly increased the selenium content of Polygonatum.The total selenium and organic selenium content in the organic selenium fertilizer treatment of earthworms were 1.38 and 1.56 times higher than those in the inorganic selenium fertilizer treatment,respectively.The application of earthworm with organic selenium fertilizer was more conducive to the accumulation of total selenium and organic selenium in Polygonatum.Earthworm with organic selenium fertilizer promoted the release of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of Polygonatum.Correlation analysis showed that the increase in soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium may be one of the reasons why earthworm organic selenium fertilizer promoted the growth and quality improvement of Polygonatum.The enzyme activity of Polygonatum rhizosphere soil exhibited different dynamic responses to different selenium fertilizers.Exogenous selenium fertilizers significantly enhanced the activity of soil urease and sucrase.Organic selenium fertilizers were more conducive to promoting the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms and improving soil enzyme activity compared to inorganic selenium fertilizers.In summary,earthworm organic selenium fertilizer was an ideal growth-promoting fertilizer and selenium strong fertilizer for the seedling stage of Polygonatum.Replacing the ordinary earthworm fertilizer or the earthworm with inorganic selenium fertilizer by the earthworm with organic selenium fertilizer is expected to become a main way to cultivate selenium rich agricultural products in the future.