中国高龄老年人抑郁症状状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of depressive symptoms and influencing factors in elderly people in China

目的 探索中国高龄老年人的抑郁症状状况及影响因素。方法 本研究利用2017—2018年进行的第8轮中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,CLHLS采用多阶段分层抽样法,根据纳入和排除标准筛选后,最终纳入6 318名高龄老年人为研究对象。从人口学特征、社会支持、生活方式、健康状况和经济状况5个维度进行研究,采用logistic回归分析中国高龄老年人抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 不同抑郁症状的高龄老年人在性别、体重指数(BMI)、教育水平、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、婚姻状况、居住状况、年收入、健康状况和居住地分布方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)[OR=1.39,95%CI:(1.15,1.69)]、丧偶[OR=1.33,95%CI:(1.06,1.65)]、独居[OR=1.35,95%CI:(1.10,1.66)]是高龄老年人抑郁症状的危险因素(P<0.05);锻炼[OR=0.65,95%CI:(0.53,0.80)]、健康状况好[OR=0.22,95%CI:(0.18,0.27)]、富裕[OR=0.79,95%CI:(0.64,0.98)]是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 偏瘦、丧偶、单独居住的高龄老年人出现抑郁症状的可能性高于体重正常、已婚并与配偶一起生活、与家人同住的高龄老年人。锻炼、健康状况好、富裕是高龄老年人出现抑郁症状的可能性低于不锻炼、健康状况差、非常贫穷的高龄老年人。

Objective To explore the depressive symptoms and influencing factors of the elderly in China.Methods The study used data from the 8th round of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey(CLHLS)conducted in 2017-2018.CLHLS adopted multi-stage stratified sampling method.After screening the data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,6318 elderly people were finally included as study subjects.The study was conducted from five dimensions:demographic characteristics,social support,lifestyle,health status,and economic status.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in elderly people in China.Results There were statistically significant differences in gender,body mass index(BMI),education level,smoking,drinking,exercise,marital status,residence status,annual income,health status,and place of residence among elderly people with dfferent depressive symptoms(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)(OR=1.39,95%Cl:[1.15,1.69),widowed(OR=1.33,95%Cl:[1.06,1.65D,and living alone(OR=1.35,95%CI:[1.10,1.66]were risk factors for depressive symptoms in elderly people(P<0.05).Exercise(OR=0.65,95%CI:[0.53,0.80),good health(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.18,0.27D),and affluence(OR=0.79,95%CI:[0.64,0.98])were the protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion The likelihood of depressive symptoms in elderly people who are thin,widowed,and living alone is higher than that in elderly people who are of normal weight,married and living with their spouse,and living with their family.Exercise,good health,and affluence are less likely to cause depressive symptoms in elderly people than those who do not exercise,have poor health,and are very poor.