规模化奶牛场常发高害疾病的流行病学调查与思考

Epidemiological Investigation and Thinking of High-risk Diseases often Occur in Large-scale Dairy Farms

2018年10月~2022年7月期间,为掌握新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市规模化牛场奶牛常发高害疾病的发生情况,课题组对某大型国有公司所属的6个规模化奶牛场临床发病病种及发病情况进行了不间断的流行病学调查。共调查各生长阶段的奶牛9541头,临床常发高害疾病主要有犊牛腹泻、犊牛支气管肺炎、蹄病、乳房炎、酮病、酸中毒、产科病(子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下、卵巢疾患)等,年总平均发病率为7.85%;其中:犊牛腹泻发病率最高,平均发病率为19.10%;其次是成母牛蹄病,平均发病率为15.05%;再次是酮病,平均发病率为5.76%;产科疾病发病率最低,平均发病率为2.11%。从营养平衡、气候环境和防治能力等方面探寻了致病的主要原因,以期为降低疾病造成的危害、助力石河子市奶牛业高质量发展提供技术支撑。

From October 2018 to July 2022,in order to grasp the occurrence of high-harm diseases in dairy cows in large-scale cattle farms in Shihezi city,the research group conducted an uninterrupted epidemiological investigation on the clinical diseases and pathogenesis of six large-scale cattle farms belonging to a large state-owned company.A total of 9541 dairy cows at various growth stages were investigated,and the common high-risk diseases mainly included calf diarrhea,bronchial pneumonia in calves,hoof disease,mastitis,ketosis,acidosis,obstetric diseases(endometritis,fetal clothing,ovarian diseases),etc.,with an average annual incidence of 7.85%.Among them,calves had the highest incidence of diarrhea,with an average incidence of 19.10%;followed by adult cow hoof disease,with an average incidence of 15.05%,again ketosis,with an average incidence of 5.76%.The incidence of obstetric diseases is the lowest,with an average incidence of 2.11%.Explore the main causes of diseases from the aspects of nutritional balance,climate environment and prevention and control capabilities,formulate prevention and control measures according to the causes,and reduce the harm caused by diseases,in order to provide technical support for the high-quality development of dairy cattle industry in Shihezi city.