摘要
目的及时了解镇江市通江河道钉螺的现状和分布,为实现消除血吸虫病目标提供科学依据。方法2019—2023年选择镇江市辖区内长江南岸9条通江河道作为监测区域,对岸滩钉螺、通江河道内漂浮物、硬化区域附着物上的钉螺、稻草帘诱螺、船只和家畜携螺等开展钉螺监测。结果2019—2023年岸滩螺情监测结果显示,2019—2020年通江河道及其外江滩的螺情保持相对稳定;但2021年受到2020年长江洪涝灾害的影响,有螺面积均出现大幅增长,2021年通江河道和外江滩的总有螺面积分别较2020年增长了45.70%(11.95/26.15)和100.00%(20.00/20.00);通江河道和外江滩的平均钉螺密度和有螺框出现率均出现了显著上升,较2020年分别上升了94.74%(0.18/0.19)、68.08%(8.68/12.75)和122.73%(0.81/0.66)、102.78%(43.26/42.09),其中通江河道七里河和人民河的有螺框出现率的上升差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.329,P>0.05;χ^(2)=0.646,P>0.05);2022—2023年通江河道钉螺密度和有螺框出现率呈现下降趋势(F=4.72,P=0.04;χ^(2)=372.58,P<0.01),外江滩钉螺面积、活螺密度和有螺框出现率呈现下降趋势(F=13.96,P=0.02;F=23.43,P<0.01;χ^(2)=1029.69,P<0.01);5年内古运河和11条支流均未查出钉螺。2019—2023年间,打捞漂浮物180次3003 kg,共计检获活螺148只;在硬化护坡区域的附着物上共计捕获活螺17只;稻草帘诱螺共计诱获活螺11只;调查船只112只,观察均未发现钉螺;观察耕牛97头次,发现2头耕牛牛蹄携带活螺各1只;观察羊321只次,未发现羊蹄携带钉螺;5年内监测区域均未查出感染性钉螺。结论通江河道钉螺持续存在,血吸虫病传播风险因素未能完全消除,仍需持续对通江河道及江滩的螺情开展精准监测,以便及时掌握传播风险,并采取应急处置措施。
Objective To timely understand the current status and distribution of nail snails(Oncomelania hupensis)in Tongjiang River channels in Zhenjiang City,providing a scientific basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis.Methods From 2019 to 2023,nine Tongjiang River channels on the south bank of the Yangtze River under the jurisdiction of Zhenjiang City were selected as the monitoring area.Snail monitoring was carried out onshore and beach nail snails floats in the Tongjiang River channels,nail snails on attachments in hardened areas,snails induced by straw curtains,and snails carried by boats and domestic animals.Results The monitoring results of shoreline snail from 2019 to 2023 showed that the snail situation in the Tongjiang River channel and its outer river bank remained relatively stable from 2019 to 2020;however,in 2021,under the influence of the Yangtze River flooding disaster in 2020,the area of snails increased significantly.In 2021,the area with snails in the Tongjiang River channel and the outer river bank increased by 45.70%(11.95/26.15)and 100.00%(20.00/20.00)compared to 2020;the average density of nails snails in the Tongjiang River channel and the outer river bank and the emergence rate of snail frames both showed a significant increase,rising by 94.73%(0.18/0.19)and 68.08%(8.68/12.75)compared to 2020,and by 122.73%(0.81/0.66)and 102.78%(43.26/42.09),respectively.The differences in the increase in the occurrence rate of spiked frames in the Tongjiang River channel Chili River and Renmin River were not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.329,P>0.05;χ^(2)=0.646,P>0.05).From 2022 to 2023,the density of nail snails and the occurrence rate of framed snails in the Tongjiang River channel showed a decreasing trend(F=4.72,P=0.04 andχ^(2)=372.58,P<0.01).The area of nail snails,density of live snails,and occurrence rate of framed snails in the outer river bank showed a decreasing trend(F=13.96,P=0.02;F=23.43,P<0.01;χ^(2)=1029.69,P<0.01).During the five years,no nail snails were detected in the ancient canal and 11 tributaries.From 2019 to 2023,180 times of 3003 kg of floating objects were salvaged,with a total of 148 live snails detected.A total of 17 live snails were captured on attachments in the hardened berm area;a total of 11 live snails were captured by straw curtain snail baiting;112 boats were inspected,and no snails were found;there were 112 boats surveyed,and no snails were found;97 cattle were observed,and 2 cattle were found to carry 1 live snail on their hooves;321 sheep were observed,and no snails were found on their hooves;and no infectious snails were found in the monitoring area in 5 years.Conclusions Nail snails continue to exist in the Tongjiang River channel,and the risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission have not been completely eliminated.It is still necessary to carry out accurate monitoring of the snail situation in the Tongjiang River and the river bank,so as to grasp the risk of transmission in time and take emergency measures.
作者
王志琴
陈星辰
神学慧
戴建荣
李爱华
王琳
李叶芳
李志伟
WANG Zhiqin;CHEN Xingchen;SHEN Xuehui;DAI Jianrong;LI Aihua;WANG Lin;LI Yefang;LI Zhiwei(Dantu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212028,China;Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214064,China;Zhenjiang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212004,China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第1期53-59,共7页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1200803)
江苏省科技厅项目(No.BRA2016132)
江苏省血地寄科研课题项目(No.x202112,No.x202113)
镇江“金山英才”高层次领军人才培养计划(第六期“169”工程)科研资助项目(No.202108)。
关键词
钉螺
通江河道
监测
血吸虫病
传播风险
镇江市
Oncomelania hupensis
Tongjiang River channel
surveillance
schistosomiasis
transmission risk
Zhenjiang City