鹦哥岭野茶群落物种组成与竞争关系研究

Study on Species Composition and Competition Relationship of Camellia sinensis var.assamica Community in Yinggeling

为探明鹦哥岭野茶的生态地位及其种间关系,为后续野茶种群的保护与利用提供参考,采用样方法和样圆法对鹦哥岭野茶群落进行物种组成及竞争关系研究。结果表明:1)研究中共记录到395种植物(含5变种1变型),隶属于102科217属。其中,茜草科、樟科、壳斗科等为优势科,榕属、粗叶木属、蒲桃属等为优势属,野茶、鹅掌柴、九节、黄杞、尾叶柯等为群落中的优势种。2)野茶在群落中的竞争主要来源于种间,占比达90.02%,各物种对野茶的竞争强度排序为野茶>黄杞>鹅掌柴>尾叶柯>水锦>黄牛木。3)总竞争强度随野茶胸径增加逐渐下降,幼树和中树阶段存在显著差异,大树阶段无显著差异。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段竞争强度占总竞争强度的96.10%,说明野茶在较小胸径时受到的竞争压力较大,在大树阶段受到的竞争较小。4)野茶胸径与竞争强度呈极显著负相关关系。因此,在野茶的保护中应加强小胸径茶树的保护,使其平稳向大胸径茶树过渡,同时增强对于幼小茶苗的抚育及茶果的管控,促进野茶种群更新。

In order to explore the ecological status and interspecific relationship of Camellia sinensis var.assamica,and to provide reference for the subsequent conservation and utilization of Camellia sinensis var.assamica populations,species composition and competition relationship in the Camellia sinensis var.assamica community were studied by sample method and circle method.The results were:1)A total of 395 plant species(including 5 varieties and 1 variant)were recorded in the study,belonging to 217 genera in 102 families.Among them,Rubiaceae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,etc.are the dominant families,Ficus,Lasianthus,Syzygium,etc.are the dominant genus,and Camellia sinensis var.assamica,Heptapleurum heptaphyllum,Psychotria asiatica,Engelhardia roxburghiana,and Lithocarpus caudatilimbus are the dominant species in the community.2)The competition of Camellia sinensis var.assamica in the community mainly came from interspecies,accounting for 90.02%,and the competition intensity of each species for Camellia sinensis var.assamica was ranked as follows:Camellia sinensis var.assamica>Engelhardia roxburghiana>Heptapleurum heptaphyllum>Lithocarpus caudatilimbus>Wendlandia uvariifolia>Cratoxylum cochinchinense.3)The competition intensity gradually decreased with the increase of the diameter at breast height of Camellia sinensis var.assamica,and there were significant differences between the small tree and the middle tree stage,but there was no significant difference after the large tree stage.The competition intensity of the I,II and III stages accounted for 96.10%of the total competition intensity,indicating that Camellia sinensis var.assamica was under greater competitive pressure at small diameter at breast height and less competition at old tree stage.4)There was a significant negative correlation between the diameter at breast height of Camellia sinensis var.assamica and the competitive intensity.So,in the protection of Camellia sinensis var.assamica,the protection of individuals with small diameter at breast height should be strengthened,so that the transition to large diameter at breast height can be smoothly made,and the cultivation of small tea seedlings and the control of tea fruits should be strengthened to promote their population renewal.