日本式中国研究的误区:“无中国的中国观”是如何产生的?

Misconceptions in Japanese-Style Chinese Studies:Reasons for Emergence of the "China Perspective Without China"

对比中日两国出版界关于对方国家主题的书籍出版状况,梳理近代以来日本东洋学的导入和中国学发展背景下日本式中国研究的形成过程,通过“出版”与“研究”两条主线探讨日本的中国研究可以发现,近代以来,随着中国历时与共时的变化,日本关于中国的研究和观点的认知框架不断调整。战前的中国研究,随着日本的帝国扩张战略,倾向于进行对接其国家需求的政策研究;战后的中国研究转向关注与新中国适配的问题和认识框架,忽略了对日本东洋学和中国学的知识遗产的继承;当代的中国研究更受与研究对象距离的变换、中国综合国力增强、对美过度依赖等因素的影响,时常产生摩擦与误解,已背离真实的中国形象,存在仅选择对己有利解释的危险。如何从中国生活者的角度构建正确理解中国的认知框架,是当今日本媒体和学术界面临的重要课题。

Regarding publishing,this paper aims to elucidate the characteristics and issues of ChineseJapanese studies by statistically comparing Japan's China-related books in the publishing industry with China's Japan-related books.In terms of research,it examines the formation process of Japanese-Chinese studies,which has evolved in conjunction with the introduction of modern oriental studies and the development of Chinese studies.Japanese perspectives on Chinese studies and China have consistently adjusted their cognitive frameworks in response to changes in historical and contemporary China.In modern times,pre-war Chinese studies in Japan tended to be policyoriented research that served Japan's national interests,aligning with the country's imperial expansion.Post-war Chinese studies began with a fresh perspective,concentrating on issues relevant to the evolving China,occasionally neglecting the intellectual heritage of prior Chinese studies.Overall,contemporary Chinese studies in Japan are often influenced by factors such as the geographical distance from the research subject,the complexities of China's increasing comprehensive national power,and an excessive dependence on the United States.These factors frequently lead to friction and misunderstandings,causing Japanese perceptions of China to deviate from a realistic image,with the risk of interpreting information in a manner that serves their own interests.Constructing an accurate cognitive framework for understanding China from the perspective of people living in China is a crucial challenge for Japanese media and academia today.