论人权“跨文化共识”的实效性——反思张彭春对《世界人权宣言》的贡献

On the Effectiveness of"Cross-Cultural Consensus"on Human Rights——Reflections on Zhang Pengchun's"Contribution"to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

在1948年《世界人权宣言》的订立这一国际人权话语事例中,彼时的中国代表张彭春基于儒家文化所贡献的“跨文化共识”往往被视为人权话语实践消解对抗冲突的经验借鉴。然而,此种跨文化共识消解对抗冲突的实效性却是值得反思的。在文化差异预设下,凡欲消解人权话语的对抗冲突,则须触及那些固有的争议问题,而争议分歧的解决则有赖于共识所涉价值观念的深入程度。经此考量,得见张彭春所做贡献上的实效局限性。故而,或可不必夸大其对今时人权话语实践的参照意义。

When formulating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948,an ex-ample involving international human rights discourse,the"cross-cultural consensus"put for-ward based on Confucian culture by Zhang Pengchun,the Chinese representative at that time,is widely considered an empirical reference for resolving confrontation and conflict in the prac-tice of human rights discourse.However,the effectiveness of this kind of cross-cultural consen-sus in addressing confrontation and conflict is worth pondering,and in fact,its"contribution"isn't as prominent as some foreign scholars claimed.Under the presumption of cultural differ-ences,any attempt to resolve confrontation and conflict in human rights discourse must address those inherently controversial issues.The settlement of disputes and differences depends on how deep the consensus involves the values.Based on this,it reveals that the effectiveness of Zhang Pengchun's so-called"contribution"is limited.Therefore,we should not overstate its rele-vance to the current practice of human rights discourse.