从计划到数字:改革开放以来中国经济演化的理论梳理

From planned economy to digital economy: a theoretical review of China's economic evolution since reform and opening up

为了明晰中国数字经济建设的时代背景、亟待解决的问题和需要遵循的制度原则,通过回顾和梳理改革开放以来中国经济历次关键性调整,对当今中国经济走势和体制架构的成因做了探究;结合对不同经济增长驱动方式和经济活动组织模式差别的比较分析,推导了它们在中国经济演化过程中发挥的作用,并从政府宏观调控着力点变化角度出发揭示了改革开放的实质,从而发掘中国经济发展的演化逻辑。研究认为,中国的改革开放实质上是一个基于已有的技术条件来不断调整政府计划和市场在组织经济活动中的分工的过程,并根据国内外经济情势调整不同的经济驱动模式在中国经济增长中发挥的作用。研究表明,数字经济建设是中国利用新技术变革应对国内外挑战,解决经济发展中积累的结构性问题,推动产业转型升级,以期助力共同富裕并提高增长的可持续性的集中表现;数字基础设施全面铺设,提升经济一体化水平,推动全国范围内的产业结构优化;利用数字技术提升宏观调控的统筹协调水平,促进资源的自由流动和合理分配,实现经济双循环的良性发展。

To elucidate the backdrop of China's digital economy construction,the pressing issues necessitating resolution,and the institutional principles to be adhered to,this study undertook a review and categorization of pivotal adjustments in China's economy since the inception of reform and opening up.Through this examination,the underlying causes of contemporary economic trends and institutional frameworks in China were explored.Additionally,by conducting a comparative analysis of distinct methods driving economic growth and economic activity organization models,the study extrapolated their roles in shaping the trajectory of China's economic evolution,thereby unveiling the essence of reform and opening up and the evolution logic through the lens of evolving government macro-control focus.The research discerned that China's reform and opening up fundamentally entail a continuous process of recalibrating government planning and the market's allocation of economic activities based on prevailing technological conditions.It involves adapting different economic driving models in response to both domestic and foreign economic dynamics to propel China's economic growth.Furthermore,the study reveals that the construction of the digital economy epitomizes China's strategic utilization of novel technological advancements to address domestic and international challenges,rectify structural issues accrued in economic development,and foster industrial transformation and upgrading.This endeavor aims to contribute to shared prosperity and bolster the sustainability of growth.By comprehensively deploying digital infrastructure,China seeks to elevate the level of economic integration and enhance nationwide industrial structure optimization.Leveraging digital technology,efforts are directed towards bolstering the overall coordination of macro-control,facilitating the free flow and rational distribution of resources,and fostering the healthy development of the economy's dual-circulation dynamics.