黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

Cause analysis of groundwater pollution in coal development zone of Yellow River Basin and prevention suggestions

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

[Objective]The development of coal resources in the Yellow River Basin has led to serious groundwater pollution.This paper summarizes the situation from the overall perspective of the basin,providing prevention and control suggestions for its sustainable and healthy development and reasonable protection of groundwater resources.[Methods]Starting from the strategic position of the Yellow River basin,the causes and patterns of pollution are summarized.The improved comprehensive water quality index method was used to evaluate the groundwater quality of nine major coal bases in the basin.The weighted indicators were selected using principal component analysis,and the improved Nemero pollution index method was introduced.The evaluation was conducted according to the WPI classification method.[Results]The research shows that through the water quality evaluation of various key sections of the Yellow River basin,it is found that the water quality results of coal bases in the basin currently account for more Class III and Class IV,with poor water quality.Currently,the pollution of highly mineralized mine water,acidic mine water,and mine water containing special components in the drainage basin is relatively large.The causes of pollution are analyzed,and the shallow and deep pollution modes of polluted groundwater are described.[Conclusions]We adopt corresponding prevention and control methods for three types of mine water,and propose two prevention and control technologies,paste filling technology and microbial remediation technology.Through the application of actual mines as examples,it is confirmed that pollution prevention and control technology can improve the serious problem of groundwater pollution in river basins caused by coal mining,with the hope that the research results can have reference significance for successfully promoting the rapid development of green mines in China.