高校入选“双一流”吸引了更高质量生源吗?——基于江苏省高考理科招生数据的分析

Does a University's Inclusion in the"Double First-Class"Program Attract Higher-Quality Students?Based on the Analysis of Science Enrollment Data of College Entrance Examination in Jiangsu Province

“双一流”是中国高等教育继“211工程”“985工程”之后的又一国家战略,对高等教育发展起着承前启后的重要作用。采用双重差分、事件分析等方法,在以录取分数及其位次表征生源质量的基础上,分析2014—2020年江苏省高考理科招生数据,系统考察“双一流”建设对高校生源质量影响。研究发现:(1)“一流大学”和“一流学科”建设均显著提高了生源的平均质量(录取位次),但存在异质性,表现为“一流大学”建设只影响了录取最低分及其位次,而“一流学科”建设同时对最高分和最低分产生了作用;(2)资源机制和声誉机制是“双一流”建设影响生源质量的重要渠道;(3)“双一流”建设通过优先发展部分高校和学科,在一定程度上改善了优质生源在高校和地区间的配置。

"Double First-Class"is another national strategy in the field of Chinese higher education following"211 Project"and"985 Project",which plays an important role in linking the past and the future for the development of higher education.Based on the data of science enrollment in Jiangsu Provincial College Entrance Examination from 2014 to 2020,this paper systematically investigated the influence and mechanism of"Double First-Class"construction on the quality of college students by using the methods of differential and event analysis,and on the basis of characterizing the quality of students by admission scores and their rank.The findings are as follows:(1)both the construction of"First-Class University"and"First-Class Discipline"significantly improve the average quality of students(admission rank),but there is heterogeneity.The construction of"First-Class University"only affects the lowest score and the rank of admission,while the construction of"First-Class Discipline"affects both the highest score and the lowest score.(2)Resource mechanism and reputation mechanism are important channels for the construction of"Double First-Class"to affect the quality of students;(3)Further discussion on whether it is the original"985 Project"and"211 Project"universities found that the"Double First-Class"construction improved the allocation of high-quality students between universities and regions to a certain extent by giving priority to the development of some universities and disciplines.