微生物在国产雪茄烟叶原料生产过程中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of microorganisms in the production process of domestic cigar tobacco leaves

对雪茄微生物的种类及其在国产雪茄烟叶原料大田生产、晾制、发酵等环节的应用研究现状和面临的主要问题进行综述。认为:雪茄微生物类群主要分为根际微生物、叶际微生物和内生菌,其中根际微生物与叶际微生物可促进雪茄烟株生长和发育,减少雪茄烟株病害,提升烟叶感官品质,但有益内生菌的相关研究较为欠缺。微生物肥料、农药在雪茄烟叶大田生长环节中起重要作用,但雪茄烟株专用微生物肥料、农药还未得到大面积推广和应用。雪茄烟叶晾制过程中微生物资源丰富、代谢功能复杂,但涉及微生物作用机制的相关研究较少。雪茄烟叶发酵过程中微生物群落结构逐渐多样化,微生物介质的添加可改善烟叶品质,预防烟叶发生霉变,但大多数研究侧重介质微生物的筛选,对微生物提质增香的作用机制仍缺乏深度研究。未来可在雪茄烟叶内生菌筛选利用、晾制过程微生物变化等方面开展深入研究,利用组学方法深度挖掘数据,以进一步强化微生物在国产雪茄烟叶原料生产过程的有利作用,提高烟叶产量和品质,减少对进口雪茄烟叶原料的依赖。

This paper summarizes the research status and main problems in the types of cigar microorganisms and their application in field production,air-drying,fermentation and other links of domestic cigar tobacco leaves.It is believed that the microbial community of cigars could be divided into rhizosphere microorganisms,foliar microorganisms,and endophytic bacteria.The rhizosphere and leaf microorganisms of cigars could promote the growth and development of cigar plants,reduce plant diseases,and improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.However,there was a lack of research on beneficial endophytic bacteria.Microbial fertilizers and pesticides played an important role in the field growth of cigar tobacco leaves,but microbial fertilizers and pesticides for cigar tobacco plants had not been widely promoted and applied.During the process of cigar tobacco air-drying,there were abundant microbial resources and complex metabolic functions,but there was relatively little research on the mechanism of microbial action.During the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves,the microbial community structure gradually diversified.The addition of medium microorganisms could improve the quality of tobacco leaves and prevent the occurrence of mold.However,most studies focus on the screening of medium microorganisms,and there was still a lack of in-depth research on the mechanism of microbial improvement and aroma enhancement.In the future,in-depth research could be carried out on the screening and utilization of endophytes in cigar tobacco leaves,microbial changes in the air-drying process,and in-depth data mining by using omics technology,in order to further improve the beneficial role of microorganisms in the production process of domestic cigar tobacco raw materials,improve the production and the quality of tobacco leaves,and further reduce the dependence on imported cigar tobacco raw materials.