不同提取方法对沙棘籽油脂肪酸成分及元素迁移的影响

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on Fatty Acid Composition and Element Migration of Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil

沙棘籽油作为功能性油脂,其加工方式多样,但是不同加工方式是否影响油脂构成和无机元素的含量,尚不清晰。以2种不同产地沙棘籽作为原料,采用索氏提取法、超声提取法、回流提取法提取沙棘籽油,分析不同原料不同方法提取沙棘籽油的提取率、脂肪酸种类及相对含量、24种无机元素在油脂和残渣中的含量。结果表明,超声提取法油脂得率最高,受原料特性限制小;同种原料不同提取方法所得脂肪酸相对含量相近(P>0.05),2种原料中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、油酸相对含量差异大(P<0.01)。Be、B、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Ga、As、Sn、Sb、Ba、Pb更容易从原料迁移到油脂中,索氏提取法更容易在油脂中富集这些元素。本研究结果可为沙棘籽油加工方法和原料选择提供借鉴,为油脂风险因子的筛选提供依据。

As a functional oil,sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides)seed oil is processed in various ways,but it is not clear whether different processing ways affect the composition of oil and the content of inorganic elements.The seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides from two different habitats were used as raw materials,seed oil was extracted by soxhlet extraction method,ultrasonic extraction method and reflux extraction method.The extraction rate,fatty acid types and relative contents,the contents of 24 inorganic elements in oil and residue were analyzed.The results showed that ultrasonic extraction method had the highest yield of oil and was less limited by the characteristics of raw materials.The relative contents of fatty acids obtained from the same raw materials by different extraction methods were similar(P>0.05),and the relative contents of linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid and oleic acid of the two raw materials were significantly different(P<0.01).Be,B,Al,Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Ga,As,Sn,Sb,Ba and Pb were more easily transferred from raw materials to oils,and these elements were more easily enriched in oils by Soxhlet extraction method.The results of this study can provide reference for processing method and raw material selection of sea buckthorn seed oil,and provide basis for screening oil risk factors.