上海化工区2种类型湿地鸟类群落结构差异及影响因素

Difference and Impact Factors of Bird Community Structure in the Two Types of Wetlands in Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone

为了检验上海化工区人工湿地和自然湿地鸟类群落结构差异,分析影响鸟类分布的关键因子,采用样点法对2种类型湿地的鸟类进行调查。结果显示:人工湿地鸟类总物种数(90种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(3.28)分别高于自然湿地(83种、2.97);但科-属多样性指数(0.681)低于自然湿地(0.686)。人工湿地的鸣禽种类(60种)比自然湿地(39种)多,自然湿地的猛禽(4种)、涉禽(25种)和游禽(8种)比人工湿地(1、19、2)多。人工湿地的鸣禽(2.915)和攀禽(1.088)的Shannon-Weiner指数分别高于自然湿地(2.171、0.861);自然湿地的陆禽(0.614)、猛禽(1.330)、涉禽(1.825)和游禽(1.672)的Shannon-Weiner指数分别高于人工湿地(0.530、0、1.819、0.300)。人工湿地的林鸟种类(69种)和Shannon-Weiner Index指数(3.030)高于自然湿地(50种、2.347),自然湿地的水鸟种类(33种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(2.429)高于人工湿地(21种、1.911)。自然湿地国家重点保护鸟类种类(7种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(1.482)均高于人工湿地(2种、0.562)。负二项回归分析显示,硬质地面积与鸟类种类和数量均显著负相关,乔木种类与鸟类种类、水面积与鸟类数量均显著正相关。建议减少硬质地面积,提高自然湿地乔木和灌木面积,控制人工湿地芦苇扩张。

In order to examine the differences in bird community structure between artificial wetlands and natural wetlands in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park,and to analyze the key factors affecting bird distribution,a sampling point method was used to investigate the birds of the two types of wetlands.The results showed that total bird species(90 species)and Shannon-Weiner index(3.28)in the artificial wetlands were higher than those in the natural wetlands(83 species and 2.97),respectively.However,the diversity index of families and genera(0.681)was lower than that of natural wetlands(0.686).There were more songbirds in the artificial wetlands(60 species)than in the natural wetlands(39 species),but more raptors(4 species),wading birds(25 species)and swimming birds(8 species)in the natural wetlands than in the artificial wetlands(1 species,19 species and 2 species).The Shannon-Weiner indexes of songbirds(2.915)and climbers(1.088)in the artificial wetlands were higher than those in natural wetlands(2.171 and 0.861),but the Shannon-Weiner indexes of land birds(0.614),raptors(1.330),wading birds(1.825)and swimming birds(1.672)in the natural wetlands were higher than those in artificial wetlands(0.530,0,1.819,0.300),respectively.The forest bird species(69 species)and Shannon Weiner Index(3.030)in artificial wetlands were higher than those in natural wetlands(50 species,2.347),the waterbird species(33 species)and Shannon Weiner Index(2.429)in natural wetlands were higher than those in artificial wetlands(21 species,1.911).The national key protected bird species(7 species)and Shannon Weiner index(1.482)in natural wetlands were higher than those in artificial wetlands(2 species,0.562).Negative binomial regression analysis showed that hard ground was negatively correlated with bird species and number,respectively.Tree species was positively correlated with bird species,and water area was positively correlated with bird number.Suggest reducing the hard ground,increasing the area of natural wetland trees and shrubs,and controlling the expansion of artificial wetland reeds.