地位寻求、角色塑造与印度应对中美科技竞争的逻辑

Status Seeking,Role Shaping,and the Logic of India's Response to Sino-American Technology Competition

国家的地位寻求主要通过角色塑造来实现,国家在进行自我角色定位的同时也会面向国际社会进行角色扮演,国家外交政策的调整及变化在这一过程中得以明显体现。对地位的重视与追求是决定印度外交政策的内在驱动因素。印度在应对中美科技竞争时遵循地位政治的逻辑。面对中美科技竞争,印度将自身角色定位成“全球新兴技术领导者”、“下一个半导体制造中心”和“自力更生的印度”。在完成角色定位的基础上,印度致力于扮演“美国值得信赖的技术合作伙伴”、“全球产业链供应链转移的中国替代者”和“全球民主国家的关键合作者”等三种角色,以谋求实现其成为全球科技强国的目标。从地位政治的视角把握印度应对中美科技竞争的行为逻辑,对于中国更好地应对中美科技竞争及其“第三方挑战”具有重要现实意义。

The pursuit of status by a state is mainly achieved through role shaping.While positioning its own role,the state also plays a role in international community.During such process,the adjustment and changes in the state's foreign policy are clearly reflected.The emphasis on and pursuit of status are inherent driving factors that determine India's foreign policy.India has followed the logic of status politics in its response to the technology competition between China and the United States.In the face of technology competition between China and the United States,India has positioned itself as an“emerging global technology leader”,“the next semiconductor manufacturing center”and“self-reliant India”.On the basis of completing its role positioning,India is committed to playing three roles,“trusted technology partner of the United States”,“Chinese substitute for global industrial chain supply chain transfer”,and“key partner of global democratic countries”,in order to achieve its goal of becoming aglobal technology power.For China,grasping the behavioral logic of India's response to Sino-US technological competition from the perspective of status politics has practical significance as it can help China better respond to the“third-party challenges”of Sino-US technology competition.