试析唐五代时期的报灾备灾机制

A Probe into the Disaster Reporting and Preparedness Mechanism During the Tang and Five Dynasties Period

唐五代时期,司天台(太史局)通过变异天象预报自然灾害,具有国家灾情预报机构的性质。在接到灾情奏报后,唐五代政府通常会采取一系列传统的祈禳措施进行弭灾。会昌元年十一月,武宗就彗星天象下诏弭灾,在传统的祈禳弭灾措施外,还采取了劝种植、备仓储、令近江州县筑堤防等一系列切实有效的积极防灾备灾举措。此后以至五代以降,帝王下令就司天监占得之灾害天象进行积极备灾的记载逐渐增多。但整个唐五代时期,就灾害天象而采用更多的依然是传统的祈禳弭灾措施。

During the Tang and Five Dynasties period,Sitiantai(the Taishi Bureau) used mutated celestial phenomena to predict natural disasters,and functioned as a national disaster forecasting agency.After receiving disaster forecasts,the Tang and Five Dynasties governments usually adopted a series of traditional prayer measures to eliminate disasters.In the 11th month of the first year of the reign of Huichang,Emperor Wuzong issued an edict to eliminate disasters caused by the comet phenomenon.Besides the traditional measures of praying to avoid disasters,he also took a series of practical and effective measures such as encouraging planting,preparing storage,and building embankments in Jiangzhou County.From then on,the number of records of emperors' orders to take active disaster preparedness for the disaster celestial phenomena occupied by Sitiantai gradually increased.However,throughout the period,traditional measures of praying and eliminating disasters were still more often adopted.