BBNJ协定海洋遗传资源货币惠益分享制度:建构逻辑、不足与完善

Monetary Benefit-sharing of Marine Genetic Resources in BBNJ Agreement:Construction Logic,Deficiency and Perfection

MGRs货币惠益分享制度是BBNJ协定治理目标实现的重要保障,但各方无法在政府间谈判中达成一致意见,遂以发达国家强制性年度缴款延后具体规则的构建。BBNJ协定既未从规则层面回应发达国家对于MGRs货币惠益分享制度构建必要性的质疑,亦未为公正分享资源所衍生经济利益提供制度解决方案。为消弭发达国家与发展中国家之间的分歧、平衡MGRs货币惠益分享与激励科研创新的关系,宜要求开发者在商业利用阶段履行货币惠益分享义务,将1%左右MGRs研发商品销售净利润作为货币惠益的具体类型。同时,国际社会应当通过鼓励自愿捐款、建立MGRs强制性来源披露制度、明确MGRs人类共同继承财产的法律属性解决制约货币惠益分享具体规则成立与实施的因素。

The monetary benefit-sharing system of marine genetic resources(MGRs)is an essential guarantee of realizing the governance objectives in BBNJ Agreement.However,delegations cannot reach a consensus in the intergovernmental negotiations.Therefore,the formulation of specific rules has been postponed and the mandatory annual contributions of developed countries has been established instead.BBNJ Agreement neither responds to the doubts of developed countries on the necessity of constructing the MGRs monetary benefit-sharing system from the rule level,nor provides institutional solutions for the equitable sharing of economic benefits derived from resources.In order to bridge the differences between developed and developing countries and balance the relationship between the monetary benefit sharing of MGRs and the encouragement of research and development(R&D)innovation,it is advisable to require developers to fulfill their obligations of monetary benefit sharing during the commercial utilization stage,and take about 1%of the sales of MGRs R&D commodities as the specific type of monetary benefits.Meanwhile,the international community shall resolve the issues that restrict the establishment and implementation of the specific rules of monetary benefit sharing by encouraging voluntary donations,instituting mandatory source disclosure system for MGRs and clarifying the legal attributes of MGRs common heritage of mankind.