论朝鲜王朝文科及第者的结构性特征

Structural Characteristics of Successful Candidates in the Civil Service Examination of the Joseon Dynasty

“国朝文科榜目”是综合记录朝鲜王朝文科及第者名单的写本类史料,经韩国学术界的努力而成功实现了数字化,不仅具有极高的史料价值,还一直深受学术界的重视。朝鲜王朝文科及第者的结构性特征可以在系统梳理“国朝文科榜目”的史料特征和数字化情况的基础上展开剖析:一方面,朝鲜王朝的文科及第者之中,来自地方儒生数量不断增加,呈现出“开放”的性格;一方面,就政府任命官员人数居住地分布占比而言,“汉阳人”始终垄断着政府的重要职位,“封闭”式的格局依旧延续。这一结构性的特征彰显出了科举制度取士与政府要职任命之间的差异性。

The Gukjomungwabangmok("国朝文科榜目")was a scroll-based historical document that recorded the names of those who passed the exams in the Korean imperial court during the Joseon Dynasty.Due to the efforts made by Korean aca-demics,this document has been successfully digitized,making it not only highly valuable as a historical source but also a sub-ject of great interest among scholars.This paper aims to analyze the structural characteristics of those who passed the Civil Service Examination by systematically reviewing its historical characteristics and digitalization status.The structure of those who passed the Civil Service Examination showed an open aspect,with an increasing number of local Confucian scholars.However,the closed pattern of Hanyang people occupying important government positions persisted in their appointment.There was a gap between the openness of the civil service examination system and the openness of important positions.