结构化侦查讯问:域外模式、本土探索与发展图景

Structured Investigative Interrogation:Extraterritorial Models,Local Exploration and Development Scenario

结构化是侦查讯问的发展趋向,直接关涉讯问规范性及讯问质效的提升。域外结构化侦查讯问宏观上可区分为指控型审讯模式、信息收集型模式和混合型模式。三种模式各有其优势与不足,相互之间借鉴融合,总体呈现出从指控型向信息收集型的模式转向。本土侦查讯问经验主义占主导,结构化发展较为滞后,讯问模式供给难以满足实践需求。推动结构化侦查讯问的本土发展,需要变革讯问理念,在兼采现有模式合理成分的同时,照应本土讯问实际及讯问特色,构建包括准备、解说与调适、履行法定程序、提出交流话题、引导完整陈述、说服策略运用、问清案件事实、认罪教育、结束和评估十个步骤在内的、基于建维有效沟通关系的结构化讯问模型框架,并提供相配套的操作方案,以期提升本土讯问的结构化水平。

Structured interrogation is the development trend of investigative interrogation,which is directly related to the improvement of the normality,quality and efficiency of interrogation.From a macro perspective,structured investigative interrogation can be distinguished into the"Reid Technique",the"PEACE"and the"PIM".However,in China,due to empiricism's dominant role in its investigative interrogation,structured development lags behind and the supply of interrogation models is difficult to meet the needs of interrogation practice.To promote China's interrogation,interrogation should be changed from unstructured to structured interrogation,from high-intensity active confrontation to low-intensity neutral confrontation,from obtaining confessions to gathering case information.Besides,a multi-step structured interrogation model framework based on establishing and maintaining effective communication relationship and an operational program are proposed.