不同传粉模式对腾冲红花油茶坐果率的影响

Effects of Different Pollination Modes on Fruit Setting Rate of Camellia reticulata Lindl.

【目的】研究不同传粉模式对腾冲红花油茶(Camellia reticulata Lindl.)坐果率的影响,为通过传粉和授粉管理提高腾冲红花油茶坐果率和栽培效益提供理论依据。【方法】以5个腾冲红花油茶种群为研究对象,开展自然传粉和人工控制授粉试验,对比分析风媒和虫媒传粉、自交和异交人工授粉、异交人工授粉和虫媒传粉间的坐果差异。【结果】5个腾冲红花油茶种群的虫媒传粉平均单株坐果率为20.31%,极显著高于风媒传粉(3.54%,P<0.01);异交人工授粉的平均单株坐果率为44.34%,极显著高于自交人工授粉(7.40%,P<0.01),也高于虫媒传粉。【结论】风媒传粉可少量坐果,但虫媒传粉是腾冲红花油茶坐果的主要方式;异交人工授粉有利于提高坐果率,在无性系起源种群中尤为明显。品种合理配置、人工辅助授粉以及自交系良种培育可作为充分利用传粉授粉特性提高腾冲红花油茶坐果率和栽培效益的应用策略。

[Purpose]To study the effects of different pollination modes on fruit setting rate of Camellia reticulata Lindl.,providing a theoretical basis for improving the fruit setting rate and cultivation benefit of C.reticulata by pollination management.[Methods]Natural pollination and artificial pollination experiments were carried out in five populations of C.reticulata,and the differences of fruit setting rates between wind and insect pollination,artificial outcrossing and self-crossing pollination,and artificial outcrossing pollination and insect pollination were compared and analyzed.[Results]The average fruit setting rate per plant of insect pollination in five populations of C.reticulata was 20.31%,which was extremely significantly higher than that of wind pollination(3.54%,P<0.01).The average fruit setting rate per plant of artificial outcrossing pollination was 44.34%,which was extremely significantly higher than that of artificial self-crossing pollination(7.40%,P<0.01)and higher than that of insect pollination.[Conclusion]C.reticulata can set a small amount of fruit by wind pollination,but insect pollination is the main way of setting fruit.Artificial outcrossing pollination is beneficial to increase the fruit setting rate,especially in clonal populations.To make full use of pollination characteristics of C.reticulata to improve its fruit setting rate and cultivation benefit,we should rationally allocate varieties,artificially pollinate flowers and breed inbred improved varieties.