大豆玉米复合种植模式中2种作物的互作关系

Interaction between Two Crops in Soybean-Maize Intercropping Pattem

定量化探索中国北方在平水年下,不同大豆玉米复合种植模式的种间竞争与种间互惠关系,以期为旱作条件下选择合理的牧草种植模式提供理论依据。试验选用我国中南部春播区推荐的作物品种大豆铁丰31和玉米强盛199,在旱作区域开展不同大豆玉米带状复合种植模式的大田栽培试验,采用完全随机区组设计4种大豆玉米带状复合种植模式,同时以大豆与玉米清种作为对照,测定不同种植模式下的生物量、邻体效应指数(RII),比较不同种植模式下大豆和玉米的互作关系。结果显示,大豆RII为-0.28~0.13,玉米RII为-0.28~0.12。在6行大豆3行玉米(S6M3)复合种植模式下,大豆和玉米的生物量较清种对照分别增加了28.95%和27.79%,且高于其他复合种植模式下作物生物量;大豆和玉米的RII分别为0.13和0.12,二者存在正相互作用。综上,在与试验区年降雨量相差不明显的旱作区域,选择S6M3复合种植模式有望提高青贮饲料产量。

Quantitative exploration of the interspecies competition and mutualistic relationships under different soybean-maize intercropping patterns in northern China during normal water years aims to provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate planting patterns under dry farming conditions.For this purpose,in this study,field experiments of different soybean-maize strip intercropping patterns were conducted in dry farming areas.The crop varieties recommended for the spring planting area in central and southern China,soybean Tiefeng 31 and maize Qiangsheng 199,were used in the experiments employing a completely randomized block design with four different soybean-maize strip intercropping patterns,while setting pure stands of soybean and maize as the controls.Biomass and relative interaction index(RII)were measured under different treatments to analyze and compare the interactions between soybean and maize under different planting patterns.The results showed that the RII of soybeans ranged from-0.28 to 0.13,and the RII of maize ranged from-0.28 to 0.12.Under the S6M3(6 rows of soybeans and 3 rows of maize)intercropping pattern,the biomass of soybeans and maize increased by 28.95%and 27.79%respectively compared to the pure stands,which was higher than the biomass of crops under other intercropping patterns;and the RII of soybeans and maize was 0.13 and 0.12,respectively,indicating positive interactions between soybeans and maize.In conclusion,choosing the S6M3 intercropping pattern in dry farming areas with annual rainfall similar to the experimental area was expected to increase the yield of silage fodder.