火麻仁中水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类成分的研究进展

Research Progress on Water-Soluble Active Proteins and Saccharides from Cannabis Fructus

火麻仁为药食同源中药,应用历史久远,含有丰富的火麻油、大麻素类、木脂素酰胺类、火麻蛋白、多糖等成分,具有润肠通便的功效,在食品和医药领域都表现出较好的开发前景。笔者通过查阅近10年火麻仁的相关文献报道,对其主要水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类的最新研究进行了分析整理,发现火麻仁蛋白是一种优质的植物蛋白,主要由天冬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸构成,具有通便、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗氧化等药理作用,可通过碱提(酸沉)法、盐析法、酶解法等方法提取纯化,毒理学研究证实其应用较为安全;火麻仁中水溶性总糖含量约为3%~6%,主要具有免疫调节及抗氧化作用,可通过微波辅助提取进行制备,但相关单糖组成、糖链连接等结构研究还未深入开展。

Cannabis fructus(CF)has been a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time,and can be used both as food and medicine.It contains rich hemp oil,cannabinoids,lignan amides,hemp protein,polysaccharide and other components,and has the effect of moistening and relaxing bowel,showing a good development prospect in food and medicine fields.The authors of this paper have analyzed and sorted out the research in the past 10 years on the main water-soluble active proteins and saccharides of Cannabis fructus by reviewing relevant literatures.It is found that Cannabis fructus protein is a kind of high quality plant protein,mainly composed of aspartate,arginine,lysine and other amino acids,which has pharmacological effects such as laxative,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-oxidation,etc.It can be extracted and purified by alkali extraction(acid precipitation),salt precipitation,enzymatic hydrolysis,and other methods,and toxicological studies have confirmed that its application is relatively safe.The total water-soluble sugar content in CF is about 3%~6%,which mainly has immune regulation and antioxidant effects,and can be prepared by microwave assisted extraction.However,the related monosaccharide components and sugar chain linkage structure have not been deeply studied.