人工智能司法应用法律风险及法治应对

Legal Risks of Judicial Application of Artificial Intelligence and Legal Countermeasures

2022年11月底,OpenAI发布ChatGPT;2024年2月16日,OpenAI又发布了Sora,呼啸而过的科技带来的是一个新时代。人工智能的司法应用在辅助机制方面确有实际效用,但也引发了算法不透明、决策权重配置、裁判规则僵化、对司法权威的损害等诸多司法实践难题。法律风险需要法治应对:首先,数据隐私和安全需建立严格保护机制;其次,人工智能决策可能不透明和不公正,需要可解释性和透明性技术确保公正;再次,人工智能可能存在歧视和偏见问题,需要数据治理和审查减少影响;最后,人工智能应用可能挑战司法程序的公正和人权保护,需通过法律和伦理规范解决。应当坚持司法主体责任,允许实验性设置决策权重,保持制衡并强化人机交互决策制度在人工智能司法中的体系定位,力求扩大和完善人工智能司法应用的制度功能与法律规范供给。

OpenAI released ChatGPT at the end of November 2022 and further released Sora on February 16,2024,marking the advent of a new technological era.While the judicial application of artificial intelligence(AI) has proven beneficial as an auxiliary tool,it has simultaneously given rise to several practical challenges,including algorithmic opacity,allocation of decision weights,rigid judgment rules,and undermining of judicial authority.Addressing these legal risks necessitates legal countermeasures.Firstly,strict mechanisms for the protection of data privacy and security must be established.Secondly,the potential opacity and unfairness of AI decisions call for interpretability and transparency technologies to ensure justice.Thirdly,AI may harbor issues of discrimination and bias,which require data governance and scrutiny to minimize impact.Lastly,the application of AI might challenge the fairness of judicial procedures and the protection of human rights,which should be regulated through legal and ethical norms.It is critical to maintain the accountability of judicial entities,allow experimental settings of decision weights,uphold checks and balances,and enhance the systemic role of human-computer interactive decision systems in AI jurisprudence,with the goal of expanding and improving the institutional functionalities and legal norms for AI application in the judiciary.