白色侧齿霉菌在文物表面的生态适应及其防治研究进展

Research progress on ecological adaptation and prevention of Parengyodontium album on the surface of cul-tural relics

文物是人类历史的结晶,是不可再生、不可替代的资源。微生物广泛定殖于古代壁画、石质文物及其他类型文化遗产上并造成危害,其中优势病害真菌白色侧齿霉菌的分布尤为广泛,其可在多种文物和极端环境中生存,严重威胁着珍贵文化遗产的长久保存。白色侧齿霉菌的分类命名经历了几次变化,导致其对文物的影响尚未被特别关注。本文以白色侧齿霉菌为主线,梳理了其分类发展简史、分布范围、文化遗产类型偏好,分析了其生理、生化、生态特征及潜在的生物退化机制,提出了其可作为文化遗产微生物危害的指示物种,讨论了此类典型壁画微生物的防治对策,并展望了该领域未来的重点研究方向。

Cultural relics as the crystallization of human history are non-renewable and irreplaceable resources.Microorganisms are widely colonized on ancient wall paintings,stone cultural relics,and other types of cultural heritages to cause harm.The dominant disease fungus,Parengyodontium album,is extensively distributed and can seriously threaten the long-term preservation of precious cultural heritage due to surviving in various cultural relics and extreme environments.The classification and nomenclature of P.album have undergone several changes,so its impact on cultural relic received little attention.Here,we summarized the brief histories of its classification and development,distribution range,and cultural heritage preference of P.album.We further analyzed the physiological,biochemical,and ecological characteristics and potential biological degradation mechanism.We proposed that P.album could be used as an indicative species of microbial hazardous effects on cultural heritage.We discussed the prevention and control countermeasures of such typical mural microorganisms and pointed out key research directions in this field.