数字劳动主体困境的生成机理与规制路径

The Dilemma of Digital Labor Subjects:Generation Mechanism and Regulation Path

数字劳动是数字时代全新的劳动范式。在资本逻辑统摄下,数字生产被以数字技术为中介的资本增殖所控制,形成了一个以数据为核心要素、以程序算法为生产条件的新剥削系统。资本逻辑全面渗入劳动主体的生活领域,推动着资本主义剥削系统从“物化系统”转变为“物性秩序”。在这一秩序内,数字劳动者被置于全时段和全领域的资本规训下,劳动者的主体性进一步丧失。数字技术强化了资本的社会权力属性,创造了数据这一新的生产要素,进一步剥夺了数字劳动者的自主性,数字劳动主体从“机器附庸”转变为“数字附庸”。破解数字劳动的主体困境,必须从社会主义制度入手,打破数字资本与数字技术之间以赚取最大利润为目的而加剧的劳动异化,规制数字资本的负面效应,将数字劳动创造的社会财富回归于人本质的占有。

Digital labor is a new labor paradigm in the digital age,and it is the key point to inherit and develop Marx’s political economy theory.Under the control of capital logic,the digital production field is controlled by the desire of capital multiplication mediated by digital technology,and a new exploitation system with data as the core and program algorithm as the production condition is carefully constructed.Capital logic has fully penetrated into the life field of labor subjects,and promoted the transformation of capitalist exploitation system from“materialized system”to“physical order”.In this physical order,digital workers are placed in the capital discipline of the whole period and the whole field,and the subjectivity of workers is further lost.From the perspective of political economy,digital technology has strengthened the social power attribute of capital,especially the creation of data as a new factor of production,which further degrades the autonomy of digital laborers,and the subject of digital labor has become a“digital vassal”from Marx’s“machine vassal”.To solve the subject dilemma of digital labor,we must start from the system,break the labor alienation intensified by digital capital and digital technology for the purpose of earning maximum profits,reduce the negative effect of digital capital,and return the social wealth created by digital labor to the possession of human nature.