美国遏制问题研究行为的新近趋势及对我国的启鉴

The New Trends of Controlling Questionable Research Practice in USA and Its Enlightenment to China

自2010年以来,美国科研诚信建设焦点从遏制科研不端行为转变为促进科研诚信,特别关注如何控制“问题研究行为”。美国科学界意识到问题研究行为很可能构成潜规则,造成逐底竞争,严重损害科学秩序,有可能比科研不端行为更具破坏性。从防患于未然的视角看,控制问题研究行为比控制科研不端行为更有现实意义。一些控制问题研究行为的举措已经被提出并采用,如针对类似于p值处理这样数据修饰的多种措施,已在心理学等领域进行尝试,可以避免为了迎合编辑追求高轰动性结论而产生p值“蛹效应”;预注册带动期刊发表须公开所有实验数据及数据分析。这些科研诚信建设的新发展值得我们关注。我国科研诚信建设可以以问题研究行为为突破口,实施全域科研生态建设,前瞻性地展开控制“蛹效应”的科技期刊变革和科研理念重塑。

Since 2010,the construction of research integrity in the United States has begun to highlight the control of questionable research practice(QRP),and the construction focus has changed from research misconduct to research integrity.It is likely to be more destructive than research misconduct,for its hidden rules having resulted in bottom-by-bottom competition and serious damage to science order.The governance of QRP is more practicalbe than the governance of research misconduct.For data modification to p-value processing,psychologist could try to abandon the unique p-value standard or reduce the p-value requirement,so as to avoid the"chrysalis effect"of p-value to catering high sensational conclusions;Regarding the measures and institutional construction to control QRP,the US scientific community attaches great importance to pre-registration,advocating all experimental data and data analysis method must be publicly disclosed for journal publication.The construction of research integrity in the United States is using for reference for China’s new concept.The current construction of research integrity in China should take QRP as the breakthrough point to the construction of comprehensive research ecosystem.It should pay attention to the serious destructive of QRP that may constitute hidden rules,and carry out the transformation of scientific journals and the reshaping of scientific research concepts to control the"chrysalis effect".