《修禅道场碑》与唐代天台宗复兴运动新解

A Reinterpretation of the Tang Tiantai Buddhism Revival:New Evidence from the“Stele of the Abbey for Cultivating Dhyana”

天台佛教于八九世纪之交出现一场影响深远的复兴运动,在其核心人物荆溪湛然努力下,天台宗再度成为具有高度竞争力的佛教宗派。湛然的复兴努力早为学界所注意,但以他为核心的天台宗门派的诸多细节却仍然较为模糊,其历史信息的保存往往依赖于唐宋之际日本求法僧的记录。通过对仅存于天台山的碑铭——梁肃《修禅道场碑》作深入考察,尤其通过发现并释读此碑碑侧与碑阴的重要题刻,可以清楚地看到湛然及其弟子所建立的宗教网络和以佛陇为中心的寺院建设。此研究也有助于重新评估日本佛教文献中有关这段历史的记载的价值,为理解唐后期天台宗的发展以及对日本天台宗的影响提供了新的概观。同时将《修禅道场碑》的立碑放置于9世纪前期的政治文化环境之中,可见这一碑铭的成立过程与唐后期政治变化之间的可能关联。

In the late eighth century,Jingxi Zhanran(湛然,711-782)spearheaded a profound movement that reinstated the Tiantai school as a preeminent Buddhist sect.While his efforts for this revitalization have long captured scholarly attention,many details about the inner circle of his disciples still remain unclear,with the retaining of its historical information primarily dependent on the records of Japanese monks who traveled to China during that time and in subsequent centuries.This article focuses on the"Stele of the Abbey for Cultivating Dhyana"(修禅道场碑)by Liang Su(梁肃,752-793),which still stands on Mount Tiantai.It transcribes and examines the inscription on the stele's verso surface and its two sides to elucidate the fellowship network of Zhanran and his key followers and the affiliated monastic building at Folong(佛陇)of Mount Tiantai.This study contributes to a reassessment of the records preserved in Japanese sources,providing a fresh perspective on the development of the Tiantai school in the late Tang period and its influence on Japanese Tendai Buddhism.The article also contextualizes the"Stele of the Abbey for Cultivating Dhyana"within the early ninth-century political milieu,clarifying potential connections between the stele and the political changes at the time of its erection.