大鲵的活动习性及移动距离初探

Preliminary Investigation into the Activity Patterns and Displacement Distances of the Chinese Giant Salamander ( Andrias davidianus )

大鲵(Andrias davidianus)是我国特有的珍稀濒危两栖动物,目前野外种群数量大幅下降,生存环境退化及丧失问题严峻。为深入了解大鲵活动习性,利用溯溪回捕与无线电追踪,对该物种的活动特征进行初步探究。结果表明:(1)大鲵迁移直线距离为182.73±42.9(SE) m,无明显远距离迁移现象;(2)大鲵夜间活动节律呈单峰型,活动高峰期在21:00-23:00;(3)大鲵活动区域水深为5~60 cm,流速不超过0.14 m/s,体长与活动位置的水深、流速呈显著的正相关。初步揭示了大鲵的夜间活动规律与栖息偏好,为保护区保护与修复大鲵生境提供了必要科学依据。

The Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus),an endemic,rare,and endangered amphibian species in China,is experiencing a severe decline in its wild population due to critical habitat degradation and loss.To gain insight into the activity patterns of this species,stream-walking surveys and radio telemetry were employed in a preliminary investigation of its activity characteristics.The findings suggest that:①the linear migration distance of A.davidianus averaged 182.73±42.9(SE)m,with no evidence of substantial long-distance migration;②a unimodal nocturnal activity rhythm was observed,with peak activity occurring between 21:00 and 23:00 hours;③the Andrias davidianus were active in water depths ranging from 5 to 60 cm and at flow rates not exceeding 0.14 m/s,with a significant positive correlation identified between body length and both water depth and flow rate at the locations of activity.This study offers an initial elucidation of the nocturnal activity patterns and habitat preferences of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus),providing essential scientific data for the conservation and restoration efforts within protected areas.