临近空间无人机液氢供能系统技术分析

Analysis of liquid hydrogen power systems for near space unmanned aerial vehicles

对于临近空间无人机而言,高效的能源动力形式是支撑其实现长航时飞行的关键。经对比,本文认为“机载液氢+氢燃料电池”的供能方案符合无人机长航时和大载荷的发展趋势。针对该方案,综述了供氢工艺流程、机载液氢储罐、氢燃料电池的空气供应流程及水/热管理的技术现状,对供氢子系统中的氢输送方式、液氢储罐结构及材料,以及氢燃料电池子系统中空压机吸气性能、电池散热性能受到高空低压环境的影响开展了技术分析和总结,并对相关技术的发展方向进行了展望,可为后续研究提供一定参考。

For near space unmanned aerial vehicles(NSUAVs),efficient power type is the key to support their long flights.It is considered that the"airborne liquid hydrogen storage+hydrogen fuel cell"scheme is in line with the trend of NSUAVs'greater endurance and larger payloads.In allusion to this scheme,the technology status of hydrogen supply processes,airborne hydrogen tanks,air supply processes and water/heat management for fuel cells are summarized in this paper.Technical analysis and summaries are carried out on hydrogen delivery methods,structures and materials of airborne hydrogen tanks,as well as the influences of low pressure environment on the suction performance of air compressors and heat dissipation performance of fuel cells.The development direction of relevant technologies is also discussed,providing reference for later studies.