学校体育改善负性情绪的剂量特征:锻炼频率与时长维度

Dose Characteristics of School Physical Exercise in Alleviating Negative Emotions:Dimensions of Exercise Frequency and Exercise Duration

为了明确青少年在学校体育情境下改善负性情绪的锻炼剂量特征,探索从学校体育角度解决青少年心理行为问题的规律,本研究利用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)2014—2015年的追访数据,采用多元回归、U检验和非线性关系的调节效应分析法,对8984名初中生进行实证分析。结果显示,每周锻炼频率与负性情绪并非U型关系,而是呈单调下降趋势,即1周内锻炼次数越多越好;锻炼时长与负性情绪呈U型关系,即负性情绪随着锻炼时长的增加先减少后增加,最优时长为40~60 min;学习压力在调节锻炼时长与负性情绪之间的U型关系中起到削弱和平缓的作用。综合效应方面,每周锻炼3次、每次持续50~60 min,或者每周锻炼6次、每次持续50~120 min,都能够获得改善负性情绪的良好效果。为了促进青少年心理健康,学校体育应保证学生每天有大约1 h的锻炼时间,并引导学生合理安排学习与锻炼时间,以防范过长锻炼时间在高学习压力下导致负性情绪增加的风险。

In order to clarify the characteristics of exercise dose for adolescents to alleviate negative emotions in the context of school sports,and to explore the regularity of solving psychological behavior problems of adolescents from the perspective of school physical exercise,this study utilizes the trace data from the China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)from 2014 to 2015 to conduct empirical analysis on a sample of 8984 middle school students through multiple regression,U-test and nonlinear regulatory effect analysis.The results indicate that the relationship between weekly exercise frequency and negative emotions does not exhibit a U-shaped pattern,but a consistent declining trend,which means the higher weekly exercise frequency yields better outcomes;exercise duration has a U-shaped relationship with negative emotions,whichmeans negative emotions initially decrease and then increase with longer exercise duration which optimal interval is 40-60 minutes;learning stress can weaken and relieve the U-shaped relationship between exercise duration and negative emotions.In comprehensive effect,3 times a week and 50-60 minutes each time,or 6 times a week and 50-120 minutes each time,can get good results of improving negative emotions.To promote the psychological health of adolescents,schoolphysical exercise should ensure the students’exercise duration of about 1 hour per day and guide the reasonable allocation of study and exercise time to prevent the risk of excessive exercise leading to increased negative emotions under high learning stress.